Polinices is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Polinicinae of the family Naticidae, commonly known as moon snails.
Species
Species within the genus Polinices include:
- Polinices albumen <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Polinices alveatus <small>(Troschel, 1852)</small>
- Polinices amiculatus <small>(Philippi, 1849)</small>
- Polinices aurantius <small>(Röding, 1798)</small>
- Polinices bifasciatus <small>(Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834)</small>
- Polinices candidissimus <small>(Le Guillou, 1842)</small>
- â Polinices cerovaensis <small>Harzhauser, 2011</small>
- â Polinices chattonensis <small>(Marwick, 1924)</small>
- Polinices citrinus <small>(Philippi, 1851)</small>
- Polinices cleistopsila <small>Barnard, 1963</small>
- Polinices constanti <small>Huelsken & Hollmann, 2012</small>
- Polinices cora <small>(d'Orbigny, 1840)</small>
- Polinices cumingianus <small>(Récluz, 1844)</small>
- Polinices effusus <small>(Swainson, 1840)</small>
- â Polinices fallai <small>(Fletcher, 1938)</small>
- Polinices flemingianus <small>(Recluz, 1844)</small>
- Polinices grunerianus <small>(Philippi, 1852)</small>
- Polinices hacketti <small>Marincovich, 1975</small>
- Polinices hepaticus <small>(Röding, 1798)</small> - brown moonsnail
- â Polinices huttoni <small>Ihering, 1907</small>
- Polinices immaculatus <small>(Totten, 1835)</small>
- Polinices intemeratus <small>(Philippi, 1853)</small>
- â Polinices intracrassus <small>Finlay, 1924</small>
- Polinices jukesii <small>(Reeve, 1855)</small>
- Polinices lacteus <small>(Guilding, 1834)</small> - milk moonsnail
- â Polinices laxus <small>(Finlay, 1926)</small>
- Polinices leptaleus <small>Watson, 1881</small>
- Polinices limi <small>Pilsbry, 1931</small>
- â Polinices lobatus <small>(Marwick, 1924)</small>
- â Polinices mackayi <small>Marwick, 1931</small>
- Polinices mammilla <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Polinices mediopacificus <small>Kosuge, 1979</small>
- Polinices mellosus <small>(Hedley, 1924)</small>
- â Polinices mucronatus <small>(Marwick, 1924)</small>
- â Polinices oneroaensis <small>Powell & Bartrum, 1929</small>
- â Polinices otaioensis <small>Marwick, 1960</small>
- Polinices otis <small>G.B. Broderip & Sowerby I, 1829</small>
- Polinices paciae <small>Bozzetti, 1997</small>
- Polinices panamaensis <small>(Récluz, 1844)</small>
- â Polinices parki <small>Finlay & Marwick, 1937</small>
- Polinices perspicuus <small>(Récluz, 1850)</small>
- Polinices peselephanti <small>(Link, 1807)</small>
- Polinices powisianus <small>(Récluz, 1844)</small>
- â Polinices propeovatus <small>(Marwick, 1924)</small>
- Polinices psilus <small>(Watson, 1886)</small>
- Polinices putealis <small>Garrard, 1961</small>
- â Polinices redemptus <small>(Michelotti, 1847)</small>
- Polinices sagamiensis <small>Pilsbry, 1904</small>
- â Polinices sagenus <small>Suter, 1917</small>
- Polinices tawhitirahia <small>Powell, 1965</small>
- Polinices uber <small>(Valenciennes, 1832)</small>
- Polinices uberinus <small>(d'Orbigny, 1842)</small> - dwarf white moonsnail, white moonsnail
- â Polinices unisulcatus <small>(Marwick, 1924)</small>
- Polinices vavaosi <small>(Reeve, 1855)</small>
- Polinices vestitus <small>Kuroda, 1961</small>
- â Polinices waipaensis <small>(Marwick, 1924)</small>
- â Polinices waipipiensis <small>(Marwick, 1924)</small>
Species brought into synonymy:
- Polinices agujanus <small>Dall, 1908</small>: synonym of Lunatia agujana <small>(Dall, 1908)</small>
- Polinices albus <small>Montfort, 1810</small>: synonym of Polinices mammilla <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Polinices alderi <small>(Forbes, 1838)</small>: synonym of Euspira pulchella <small>(Risso, 1826)</small>
- Polinices aulacoglossa <small>Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1909</small>: synonym of Glossaulax aulacoglossa <small>(Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1909)</small>
- Polinices bahamensis <small>(Dall, 1825)</small>: synonym of Sigatica semisulcata <small>(Gray, 1839)</small>
- Polinices bathyraphe <small>Pilsbry, 1911</small>: synonym of Sigatica bathyraphe <small>(Pilsbry, 1911)</small>
- Polinices blaesus <small>Marwick, 1929</small> â : synonym of Polinella blaesa <small>(Marwick, 1929)</small> âÂÂ
- Polinices blaizensis <small>Kilburn, 1976</small>: synonym of Euspira blaizensis <small>(Kilburn, 1976)</small> (original combination)
- Polinices caprae <small>(Philippi, 1852)</small>: synonym of Mammilla caprae <small>(Philippi, 1852)</small>
- Polinices columnaris <small>(Récluz, 1850)</small>: synonym of Polinices peselephanti <small>(Link, 1807)</small>
- Polinices conicus <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>: synonym of Conuber conicum <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>
- Polinices creper <small>Marwick, 1965</small> â : synonym of Polinella creper <small>(Marwick, 1965)</small> â (original combination)
- Polinices didyma <small>(Röding, 1798)</small>: synonym of Neverita didyma (Röding, 1798)
- Polinices draconis <small>(Dall, 1903)</small>: synonym of Glossaulax draconis <small>(Dall, 1903)</small>
- Polinices dubius <small>(Récluz, 1844)</small>: synonym of Polinices constanti <small>Huelsken & Hollmann, 2012</small>
- Polinices duplicatus <small>(Say, 1822)</small>: synonym of Neverita duplicata <small>(Say, 1822)</small>
- Polinices ephebus <small>Hedley, 1915</small>: synonym of Glossaulax epheba <small>(Hedley, 1915)</small>
- Polinices fibrosa <small>(Souleyet, 1852)</small>: synonym of Mammilla fibrosa <small>(Gray, 1850)</small>
- Polinices fringillus <small>(Dall, 1881)</small>: synonym of Euspira fringilla <small>(Dall, 1881)</small>
- Polinices fryei <small>Laws, 1933</small> â : synonym of Polinella fryei <small>(Laws, 1933)</small> â (original combination)
- Polinices fuscus <small>(Blainville, 1825)</small>: synonym of Lunatia fusca <small>(Blainville, 1825)</small>
- Polinices galapagosus <small>(Récluz, 1844)</small>: synonym of Polinices otis <small>(Broderip & G.B. Sowerby I, 1829)</small>
- Polinices gradisuturalis <small>Marwick, 1932</small> â : synonym of Polinella gradisuturalis <small>(Marwick, 1932)</small> âÂÂ
- Polinices groenlandica [sic]: synonym of Polinices groenlandicus <small>(Møller, 1842)</small>: synonym of Euspira pallida <small>(Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829)</small> (incorrect gender ending)
- Polinices groenlandicus <small>(Møller, 1842)</small>: synonym of Euspira pallida <small>(Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829)</small>
- Polinices grossularia <small>Marche-Marchad, 1957</small>: synonym of Lunatia grossularia <small>(Marche-Marchad, 1957)</small>
- Polinices guilleminii <small>(Payraudeau, 1826)</small>: synonym of Euspira guilleminii <small>(Payraudeau, 1826)</small>
- Polinices helicoides <small>(Gray, 1825)</small>: synonym of Hypterita helicoides <small>(Gray, 1825)</small>
- Polinices heros <small>Say, 1822</small>: synonym of Euspira heros <small>(Say, 1822)</small>
- Polinices incei <small>(Philippi, 1853)</small>: synonym of Conuber incei <small>(Philippi, 1853)</small>
- Polinices kurodai <small>Iw. Taki, 1944</small>: synonym of Mammilla kurodai <small>(Iw. Taki, 1944)</small>
- Polinices lewisii: synonym of Euspira lewisii (Gould, 1847)
- Polinices litorinus <small>Dall, 1908</small>: synonym of Lunatia litorina <small>(Dall, 1908)</small>
- Polinices macilenta <small>(Philippi, 1844)</small>: synonym of Lunatia macilenta <small>(Philippi, 1844)</small>
- Polinices macrostoma <small>(Philippi, 1852)</small>: synonym of Mammilla kurodai <small>(Iw. Taki, 1944)</small>
- Polinices mamilla [sic]: synonym of Polinices mammilla <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Polinices mammata [sic]: synonym of Polinices mammatus <small>(Röding, 1798)</small>: synonym of Mammilla mammata <small>(Röding, 1798)</small> (incorrect gender ending)
- Polinices maurus <small>(Lamarck, 1816)</small>: synonym of Mammilla maura <small>(Lamarck, 1816)</small>
- Polinices melanostoma <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>: synonym of Mammilla melanostoma <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
- Polinices motutaraensis <small>Powell, 1935</small> â : synonym of Taniella motutaraensis <small>(Powell, 1935)</small> âÂÂ
- Polinices nanus <small>Möller, 1842</small>: synonym of Pseudopolinices nanus <small>(Möller, 1842)</small>
- Polinices napus <small>(E.A. Smith, 1904)</small>: synonym of Euspira napus <small>(E.A. Smith, 1904)</small>
- Polinices nubilus <small>(Dall, 1889)</small>: synonym of Payraudeautia nubila <small>(Dall, 1889)</small>
- Polinices obtusa <small>(Jeffreys, 1885)</small>: synonym of Neverita obtusa <small>(Jeffreys, 1885)</small>
- Polinices opaca [sic]: synonym of Polinices opacus <small>(Récluz, 1851)</small>: synonym of Mammilla melanostoma <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small> (incorrect gender ending)
- Polinices opacus <small>(Récluz, 1851)</small>: synonym of Mammilla melanostoma <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
- Polinices pallidus <small>(Broderip & Sowerby, 1829)</small>: synonym of Lunatia pallida <small>(Broderip & G.B. Sowerby I, 1829)</small>
- Polinices pardoanus <small>Dall, 1908</small>: synonym of Lunatia pardoana <small>(Dall, 1908)</small>
- Polinices parvulus <small>Bozzetti, 2010</small>: synonym of Notocochlis gualteriana <small>(Récluz, 1844)</small>
- Polinices patagonicus <small>(Philippi, 1845)</small>: synonym of Falsilunatia patagonica <small>(Philippi, 1845)</small>
- Polinices pila <small>Pilsbry, 1911</small>: synonym of Lunatia pila <small>(Pilsbry, 1911)</small>
- Polinices planispirus <small>Suter, 1917</small> â : synonym of Magnatica planispira <small>(Suter, 1917)</small> â (original combination)
- Polinices porcelanus <small>(d'Orbigny, 1839)</small>: synonym of Polinices lacteus <small>(Guilding, 1834)</small>
- Polinices presubplicata <small>Bouchet & Warén, 1993</small>: synonym of Euspira presubplicata <small>(Bouchet & Warén, 1993)</small>
- Polinices priamus <small>(Récluz, 1843)</small>: synonym of Mammilla priamus <small>(Récluz, 1844)</small>
- Polinices pseudovitreus <small>Finlay, 1924</small> â : synonym of Uberella pseudovitrea <small>(Finlay, 1924)</small> âÂÂ
- Polinices psila [sic]: synonym of Polinices psilus <small>(R. B. Watson, 1886)</small> (incorrect gender ending)
- Polinices pulchella <small>(Risso, 1826)</small>: synonym of Euspira pulchella <small>(Risso, 1826)</small>
- Polinices pyriformis <small>(Récluz, 1844)</small>: synonym of Polinices mammilla <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Polinices rapulum <small>(Reeve, 1855)</small>: synonym of Polinices intemeratus <small>(Philippi, 1853)</small>
- Polinices ravidus <small>(Souleyet, 1852)</small>: synonym of Polinices amiculatus <small>(Philippi, 1849)</small>
- Polinices reclusianus <small>(Deshayes, 1839)</small>: synonym of Glossaulax reclusiana (Deshayes, 1839)
- Polinices recluzianus <small>(Deshayes, 1839)</small>: synonym of Glossaulax reclusiana <small>(Deshayes, 1839)</small>
- Polinices sandwichensis <small>Dall, 1895</small>: synonym of Natica sandwichensis <small>(Dall, 1895)</small>
- Polinices sebae <small>(Récluz, 1844)</small>: synonym of Mammilla sebae <small>(Récluz, 1844)</small>
- Polinices simiae <small>(Deshayes, 1838)</small>: synonym of Mammilla simiae <small>(Deshayes, 1838)</small>
- Polinices sordidus <small>(Swainson, 1821)</small>: synonym of Conuber sordidum <small>(Swainson, 1821)</small>
- Polinices stanleyi <small>Marwick, 1948</small> â : synonym of Polinices waipipiensis <small>(Marwick, 1924)</small> â (synonym)
- Polinices subplicata <small>(Jeffreys, 1885)</small>: synonym of Euspira subplicata <small>(Jeffreys, 1885)</small>
- Polinices tawhitirahia <small>Powell, 1965</small>: synonym of Polinices mellosum <small>(Hedley, 1924)</small>
- Polinices triseriata <small>(Say, 1826)</small>: synonym of Lunatia triseriata <small>(Say, 1826)</small>
- Polinices tumidus <small>(Swainson, 1840)</small>: synonym of Polinices mammilla <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Polinices unimaculatus <small>(Reeve, 1855)</small>: synonym of Polinices otis <small>(Broderip & G.B. Sowerby I, 1829)</small>
- Polinices yokoyamai <small>Kuroda & Habe, 1952</small>: synonym of Euspira yokoyamai <small>(Kuroda & Habe, 1952)</small>
- Polinices zanzibarica <small>Recluz, 1844</small>: synonym of Mammilla sebae <small>(Récluz, 1844)</small>
References
- Powell A. W. B. (1979), New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
- Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp
- Torigoe K. & Inaba A. (2011) Revision on the classification of Recent Naticidae. Bulletin of the Nishinomiya Shell Museum 7: 133 + 15 pp., 4 pls.
- Ehrenberg, C. G. (1831). Symbolae physicae, seu, Icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum, quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongalam Syriam Arabiam et Habessiniam publico institutis sumptu Friderici Guilelmi Hemprich et Christiani Godofredi Ehrenberg, Animalia evertebrata, Animalia Mollusca. Zoologica. II: unpaginated [46 pages], plates 1-2. page(s): 46
External links
- Montfort P. [Denys de]. (1808-1810). Conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodique des coquilles. Paris: Schoell. Vol. 1: pp. lxxxvii + 409
- Herrmannsen, A. N. (1846-1852). Indicis Generum Malacozoorum primordia. Fischer, Cassel. Vol. 1: i-xxviii, 1-637 pp.
- Röding, P.F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. Trapp, Hamburg. viii, 199 pp.
- Guilding L. (1834). Observations on Naticina and Dentalium, two genera of molluscous animals. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 17(1): 29-35
- Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls
- Huelsken T., Tapken D., Dahlmann T., Wägele H., Riginos C. & Hollmann M. (2012) Systematics and phylogenetic species delimitation within Polinices s.l. (Caenogastropoda: Naticidae) based on molecular data and shell morphology. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 12: 349-375.