Poisson is a French surname meaning "fish". Notable people with the surname include:
- Abel-François Poisson, marquis de Marigny (1727âÂÂ1781), French nobleman who served as the director general of the King's Buildings
- Albert Poisson (1868âÂÂ1893), French alchemist
- David Poisson (politician) (born 1951), American politician
- David Poisson (alpine skier) (1982âÂÂ2017), French alpine skier
- ÃÂmile Poisson (1905âÂÂ1999), Beninese politician
- Eric Poisson (born 1965), Canadian gravitational physicist
- Georges Poisson (1924âÂÂ2022), French art historian
- Gilles Poisson (born 1947), Canadian professional wrestler
- Jean-Frédéric Poisson (born 1963), French politician
- Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour (1721âÂÂ1764), better known as Madame de Pompadour, a member of the French court and the official chief mistress of Louis XV
- Pascal Poisson (born 1958), French cyclist
- Paul Poisson (actor) (1658âÂÂ1735), French actor
- Paul Poisson (politician) (1887âÂÂ1983), Canadian politician
- Philippe Poisson (born 1984), better known as Phil Fish, Canadian video game designer
- Philippe Poisson (actor) (1682âÂÂ1743), French actor and playwright
- Pierre-Marie Poisson (1876âÂÂ1953), French sculptor and medallist
- Raymond Poisson (1630âÂÂ1690), French actor and playwright
- Siméon Denis Poisson (1781âÂÂ1840), French mathematician, geometer, and physicist