Over 90 species and subspecies of Plasmodium infect lizards. They have been reported from over 3200 species of lizard but only 29 species of snake. Three species - P. pessoai, P. tomodoni and P. wenyoni - infect snakes. These species belong to the subgenera Asiamoeba, Carinamoeba, Fallisia, Garnia, Lacertamoeba, Ophidiella, Paraplasmodium and Sauramoeba. Additional species continue to be described.
Species
Plasmodium achiotense<br/> Plasmodium aeuminatum<br/> Plasmodium agamae<br/> Plasmodium arachniformis<br/> Plasmodium attenuatum<br/> Plasmodium aurulentum<br/> Plasmodium australis<br/> Plasmodium azurophilum<br/> Plasmodium balli<br/> Plasmodium basilisci<br/> Plasmodium beebei<br/> Plasmodium beltrani<br/> Plasmodium brumpti<br/> Plasmodium brygooi<br/> Plasmodium chiricahuae<br/> Plasmodium circularis<br/> Plasmodium cnemaspi<br/> Plasmodium cnemidophori<br/> Plasmodium colombiense<br/> Plasmodium cordyli<br/> Plasmodium diminutivum<br/> Plasmodium diploglossi<br/> Plasmodium egerniae<br/> Plasmodium fairchildi<br/> Plasmodium floridense<br/> Plasmodium gemini<br/> Plasmodium giganteum<br/> Plasmodium gologoense<br/> Plasmodium gracilis<br/> Plasmodium guyannense<br/> Plasmodium heischi<br/> Plasmodium hispaniolae<br/> Plasmodium holaspi<br/> Plasmodium icipeensis<br/> Plasmodium iguanae<br/> Plasmodium josephinae<br/> Plasmodium kentropyxi<br/> Plasmodium koreafense<br/> Plasmodium lacertiliae<br/> Plasmodium lainsoni<br/> Plasmodium lepidoptiformis<br/> Plasmodium lionatum<br/> Plasmodium loveridgei<br/> Plasmodium lygosomae<br/> Plasmodium mabuiae<br/> Plasmodium mackerrasae<br/> Plasmodium maculilabre<br/> Plasmodium marginatum<br/> Plasmodium mexicanum<br/> Plasmodium megalotrypa<br/> Plasmodium michikoa<br/> Plasmodium minasense<br/> Plasmodium minuoviride<br/> Plasmodium pelaezi<br/> Plasmodium pessoai<br/> Plasmodium pifanoi<br/> Plasmodium pitmani<br/> Plasmodium rhadinurum<br/> Plasmodium sasai<br/> Plasmodium saurocaudatum<br/> Plasmodium scorzai<br/> Plasmodium siamense<br/> Plasmodium robinsoni<br/> Plasmodium sasai<br/> Plasmodium scorzai<br/> Plasmodium tanzaniae<br/> Plasmodium tomodoni<br/> Plasmodium torrealbai<br/> Plasmodium tribolonoti<br/> Plasmodium tropiduri<br/> Plasmodium uluguruense<br/> Plasmodium uzungwiense<br/> Plasmodium vacuolatum<br/> Plasmodium vastator<br/> Plasmodium volans<br/> Plasmodium wenyoni<br/> Plasmodium zonuriae
Host records
- P. agamae - the rainbow lizard (Agama agama)
- P. attenuatum - Ameiva ameiva
- P. arachniformis - chameleons
- P. aurulentum - neotropical forest gecko (Thecadactylus rapicaudus)
- P. azurophilum - anole lizards (Anolis gingivinus, Anolis gundlachi, Anolis sabanus)
- P. bailli - Anolis lizards (Anolis limifrons, Anolis lionotus and Anolis poecilopus)
- P. basilisci - the striped basilisk (Basiliscus vittatus)
- P. beebei - the gecko (Gonatodes taniae)
- P. brygooi - short-horned chameleon (Chamaeleo brevicornis)
- P. chiricahuae - fence lizard (Sceloporus jarrovi)
- P. circularis - Australian skink (Egernia stokesii)
- P. cnemaspi - African gecko (Cnemaspis africana)
- P. cnemidophori - Ameiva ameiva
- P. colombiense - Anolis lizard (Anolis auratus)
- P. diploglossi - Anguid lizard (Diploglossus fasciatus)
- P. draconis - the flying lizard (Draco volans)
- P. egerniae - the land mullet (Egernia major)
- P. fairchildi - Anolis lizard (Anolis cupreus)
- P. floridense - anole lizards (Anolis biporcatus, Anolis carolinensis, Anolis frenatus, Anolis gingivinus, Anolis gundlachi, Anolis limifrons, Anolis pentaprion, Anolis sabanus and Anolis sagrei)
- P. giganteum - the rainbow lizard (Agama agama), the African tropical lizard (Agama cyanogaster)
- P. gologoense - chameleons
- P. gracilis - skink (Tribolonotus gracilis)
- P. guyannense - the iguanid lizard (Plica plica)
- P. heischi - skinks (Mabuya striata)
- P. hispaniolae - Anolis lizards
- P. holaspi - African flying lizard (Holaspis guentheri)
- P. iguanae - Iguana iguana iguana
- P. kentropyxi - teiid lizard (Kentropyx calcarata)
- P. lacertiliae - crocodile skink (Tribolonotus species)
- P. lainsoni - the gecko (Phyllodactylus ventralis)
- P. lepidoptiformis - teiid lizard (Kentropyx calcarata)
- P. lionatum - the flying gecko (Ptychozoon lionatum)
- P. loveridgei - African gecko (Lygodactylus picturatus)
- P. lygosomae - skink (Lygosoma moco)
- P. mabuiae - African skink (Mabuya quinquetaeiata)
- P. mackerrasae - Australian skinks (Egernia cunninghami, Egernia stokesii and Egernia striolata)
- P. maculilabre - African skink (Mabuya species)
- P. marginatum - Anolis lizard (Anolis frenatus)
- P. mexicanum - fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis)
- P. michikoa - chameleons
- P. minasense - African skink (Mabuya agilis)
- P. minasense anolisi - Anolis lizards (Anolis cybotes, Anolis distichus, Anolis frenatus and Anolis limifrons)
- P. minasense calcaratae - teiid lizard (Kentropyx calcarata)
- P. minasense capitoi - Anolis lizard (Anolis capito)
- P. minasense carinii - iguanid lizard (Iguana iguana)
- P. minasense diminutivum - dwarf tegu lizard (Ameiva ameiva)
- P. minasense minasense - African skink (Mabuya mabouya)
- P. minasense plicae - olive tree runner lizard (Plica umbra)
- P. minasense tegui - blue tengu lizard (Tupinambis teguixin)
- P. pelaezi - the iguanid lizard (Urosaurus bicarinatus bicarinatus)
- P. pessoai - snakes (Spilotes pullatus and Lachesis muta)
- P. pifanoi - the green ameiva lizard (Ameiva ameiva) and a teiid lizard (Kentropyx calcarata)
- P. pitmani - African skink (Mabuya species)
- P. rhadinurum - Iguana iguana iguana
- P. robinsoni - the Parson's Chameleon (Chamaelo parsoni crucifer)
- P. sasai - Japanese lacertids (Takydromus tachydromoides and Takydromus smaragdinus)
- P. saurocaudatum - the many-lined sun skink (Mabuya multifasciata)
- P. scorzai - the gecko Phyllodactylus ventralis
- P. siamense - lizards.
- P. tanzaniae - chameleons
- P. tomodoni - snakes
- P. torrealbai - Anolis lizards
- P. tribolonoti - skinks (Tribolonotus gracilis)
- P. tropiduri - iguanid lizard (Tropidurus torquatus), Anolis lizards (Anolis biporcatus, Anolis cybotes, Anolis frenatus, Anolis limifrons, Anolis lionotus, Anolis pentaprion and Anolis poecilopus), teiid lizard (Kentropyx calcarata)
- P. tropiduri aquaticum - Anolis lizards (Anolis lionotus and Anolis poecilopus)
- P. tropiduri panamense - Anolis lizard (Anolis biporcatus)
- P. tropiduri tropiduri - Tropidurus hispidus
- P. robinsoni - the red-headed rock agama lizard (Agama agama)
- P. uluguruense - African gecko (Hemidactylus platycephalus)
- P. uzungwiense - chameleons
- P. vacuolatum - the rainforest lizard (Plica umbra)
- P. vastator - the flying lizard (Draco volans)
- P. volans - the flying lizard (Draco volans)
- P. wenyoni - snakes
Subspecies
- P. fairchildi - P. fairchildi fairchildi and P. fairchildi hispaniolae
- P. lygosomae - P. lygosomae nucleoversans and P. lygosomae nucleoversans
- P. minasense - P. minasense anolisi, P. minasense capitoi, P. minasense carinii,
- P. minasense diminutivum, P. minasense minasense, P. minasense plicae, and P. minasense tegui. An additional subspecies P. minasense calcaratae has also been described.
- P. traguli - P. traguli traguli and P. traguli memmina.
- P. tropiduri - P. tropiduri aquaticum, P. tropiduri panamense and P. tropiduri tropiduri.
Vectors
Compared with those known for the species infecting humans, few vectors are known for these species.
Culex:
Aedes:
Interrelatedness
- P. floridense is closely related to P. tropiduri and P. minasense
References