Pinkernes (), sometimes also epinkernes (, epinkernÃÂs), was a high Byzantine court position.
The term derives from the Greek verb (epikeránnymi, "to mix [wine]"), and was used to denote the cup-bearer of the Byzantine emperor. In addition, descriptive terms such as (ho tou basileà Âs oinochoos, "the emperor's wine-pourer"), (archioinochoos, "chief wine-pourer"), úàûùúùÃÂÃÂÃÂÿà(kylikiphoros, "bearer of the kylix"), and, particularly at the court of the Empire of Nicaea, (ho epi tou kerasmatos, "the one in charge of the drink") were often used instead. The position is attested already in the KlÃÂtorologion of 899, where a pinkernÃÂs of the emperor (, pinkernÃÂs tou despotou) and of the Augusta (, pinkernÃÂs tÃÂs AugoustÃÂs) are listed among the eunuchs of the palace staff. As the name suggests, the principal charge of the pinkernÃÂs was the pouring of wine for the emperor; he accompanied the emperor, bearing a goblet suspended on a chain, which he gave to the emperor when the latter wanted to drink. His position at court was not very high, but he had an extensive staff, the ÃÂñÃÂÿùýÿÃÂÃÂÿù (paroinochoi, "assistant wine-pourers"). The post was imitated in the staff of the Patriarch of Constantinople and in the households of great magnates. The spouse of a pinkernÃÂs bore the feminine form of his title: pinkernissa (ÃÂùóúÃÂÃÂýùÃÂÃÂñ).
During the early Komnenian period, the post ceased to be restricted to eunuchs, and gradually became a title of distinction, even awarded to the Byzantine emperor's relatives. Several senior generals of the Palaiologan period, such as Michael Tarchaneiotes Glabas, Alexios Philanthropenos and Syrgiannes Palaiologos, were awarded the title. According to pseudo-Kodinos, in the 14th century, the pinkernÃÂs had risen considerably, and occupied the 14th place in the palace hierarchy, between the prà Âtosebastos and the kouropalatÃÂs. According to Rodolphe Guilland, this rise to the highest ranks of the emperor's cup-bearer, along with the rise of the masters of the hunt (prà ÂtokynÃÂgos) and of the falcons (prà Âtoierakarios) is an indication that the Byzantine court of the time resembled more and more the chivalric mores of the Western feudal courts. At the same time, the pinkernÃÂs also had assumed some of the responsibilities of the defunct position of the domestikos epi tÃÂs trapezÃÂs, having under his command some of the domestikoi of the domestikion, the household service. By the 15th century, however, it had apparently become a purely honorific charge, since holders of the post are attested being sent on missions to the provinces.