A cult of personality developed around the figure of Józef Pià Âsudski, a Polish military commander and politician, in the interwar period and has continued ever since despite his death in 1935. At first, it was propagated by the Polish state's propaganda, describing Pià Âsudski as a masterful strategist and political visionary. It survived decades of repression during the communist rule of Poland. In modern Poland, Pià Âsudski is recognized as an important and a largely positive figure in Polish history.
Pià Âsudski's popularity, described as a cult of personality, was tied to his role in regaining Polish independence after the First World War and his leadership in the subsequent PolishâÂÂSoviet War. He had, however, already been a popular figure even before the start of the war.
Pià Âsudski seized power in Poland again in 1926 after his May Coup that year. Pià Âsudski was not primarily interested in cultivating the cult himself, which was done by others, particularly after his death. His funeral in 1935 became a major state ceremony, and it became a sign of things to come, as Pià Âsudski's followers, known as Pià Âsudskiites, attempted to turn his legend into one of the bases to legitimate their grip on power in the Polish state. Numerous initiatives honouring Pià Âsudski's name were created, which were so numerous that the Main Committee for Commemorating the Memory of Marshal Józef Pià Âsudski had to curb some of the more outlandish initiatives (such as the proposal to rename Wilno to Pià Âsudski's child nickname, Ziuk). In 1938, the Polish Parliament passed a decree criminalising any defamation of Pià Âsudski.
Pià Âsudski's cult is tied to Polish Independence Day, as the date of November 11 was also the date of Pià Âsudski's seizing power for the first time in the newly-independent Poland. In 1937, the Polish Parliament officially declared November 11 as a national holiday celebrating regaining independence and stated that "for all time [it should be] associated with the great name of Józef Pià Âsudski" Initially, the celebration of Poland's regaining statehood was also a celebration of Pià Âsudski and the Polish Army, but that relation has lost some of its strength with the progression of time.
Despite those efforts, his cult began to wane shortly after his death, according to some, as early as 1937.
Pià Âsudski's cult was not universal and was opposed by several factions from the very first days of its emergence; the most notable of its early opponents included the endecja political faction, opponents of the pro-Pià Âsudski sanacja faction. Critics of Pià Âsudski faced some persecution from the state and its supporters.
The cult was particularly strong in the Polish Army. During the Second World War, the Polish Armed Forces in the West continued that tradition, with Pià Âsudski's memory being highly celebrated, but many leaders of the Polish government in exile, such as Wà Âadysà Âaw Sikorski, were opposed to it.
Pià Âsudski became even in his lifetime to a namesake of the Polish Navy's gunboat ORP "Komendant Pià Âsudski" and of the motor transatlantic liner "Pià Âsudski". The latter, built in Italy, was the first Polish modern transatlantic liner, was launched in December 1934 and entered service in September 1935.
Pià Âsudski's cult was suppressed during the time of communist Poland, whose authorities attempted to portray him as a fraud, egoist and even a fascist and as responsible for much of the Poland's ills. The fond memory of Pià Âsudski persisted among the segments of Polish population, nonetheless, and he became an important figure for many Solidarity activists, including Lech Waà ÂÃÂsa. Pià Âsudski was also respected abroad. By the late 1980s, the Polish communists changed tack and attempted to integrate Pià Âsudski's popularity into their own propaganda but to little effect.
At the time of the fall of communism in Poland in 1989, the Polish Parliament in February that year restored 11 November as the Polish holiday (it had been abolished during communist period). In modern Poland, Pià Âsudski is recognized as an important and largely positive figure in Polish history, a patron of numerous streets and institutions. He has been often recognized by Polish public in national surveys as the most influential Polish historical figures since the 1980s (prior data from communist era is not representative), but since the late 1990s, he has been supplanted in that ranking by Pope John Paul II. Paweà  Kusiak argues that it is the 1990s which represent the Golden Age of Pià Âsudski's popularity.
Pià Âsudski's cult and legend is still present in Polish political and cultural discourse; for example, Pià Âsudski was declared as the most influential politician by both Donald Tusk and Lech Kaczyà Âski in the 2005 Polish presidential election, and he was positively referenced by Polish president Bronisà Âaw Komorowski in his electoral campaign in 2010. However, there are groups in the modern Polish society that are highly critical of Pià Âsudski and his legacy.
In 2014, a monument to Józef Pià Âsudski was erected in Chisinau . Author: Moldovan sculptor Veaceslav Jiglitchi.