Phytobia is a genus of flies in the family Agromyzidae, with a worldwide distribution principally in Europe and the Americas.
Description
All known larvae of Phytobia feed on the young xylem within stems of woody plants, creating concealed galleries that may reach considerable lengths (reportedly up to 17 m in P. betulae). P. betulae lays its eggs on the bark of new-growth twigs of suitable birch trees and, after hatching, larvae tunnel downwards along the shoot within the differentiating xylem layer, sometimes reaching the base of the tree. Adults are small- to medium-sized flies (approximately 5 mm in the case of P. betulae). Confirmed host plant families for Phytobia species include Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Sapindaceae, and Cupressaceae in North America, Europe, and Australia, with Asteraceae also hypothesized to be a host family based on the finding of possible larval sign on the shrub Wedelia calycina in Guadeloupe. Larval tunnels mar the appearance of certain woods used commercially, and thus may be of economic importance.
Species
- Phytobia aethiops <small>(Walker, 1853)</small>
- Phytobia alocomentula <small>Sasakawa, 1996</small>
- Phytobia amazonica <small>Sousa & Couri, 2017</small>
- Phytobia amelanchieris <small>(Greene, 1917)</small>
- Phytobia aucupariae <small>(Kangas, 1949)</small>
- Phytobia betulivora <small>Spencer, 1969</small>
- Phytobia bifida <small>Zlobin, 2002</small>
- Phytobia bifistula <small>Sasakawa, 2004</small>
- Phytobia bimaculata <small>Sasakawa, 2013</small>
- Phytobia bohemica <small>Cerný, 2001</small>
- Phytobia brincki <small>Spencer, 1965</small>
- Phytobia cacaulandia <small>Sousa & Couri, 2017</small>
- Phytobia californica <small>Spencer, 1981</small>
- Phytobia cambii <small>(Hendel, 1931)</small>
- Phytobia carbonaria <small>(Zetterstedt, 1848)</small>
- Phytobia caudata <small>Sasakawa, 2013</small>
- Phytobia cerasiferae <small>(Kangas, 1955)</small>
- Phytobia clypeolata <small>Sasakawa, 1996</small>
- Phytobia colorata <small>Spencer, 1977</small>
- Phytobia communis <small>Sousa & Couri, 2017</small>
- Phytobia confessa <small>Spencer, 1969</small>
- Phytobia conigera <small>Sasakawa, 2013</small>
- Phytobia correntosana <small>(Malloch, 1934)</small>
- Phytobia coylesi <small>Spencer, 1969</small>
- Phytobia cucullata <small>Sasakawa, 2013</small>
- Phytobia delicata <small>Sousa & Couri, 2017</small>
- Phytobia diversata <small>Spencer, 1961</small>
- Phytobia dorsocentralis <small>(Frost, 1936)</small>
- Phytobia ecuadorensis <small>Spencer, 1977</small>
- Phytobia errans <small>(Meigen, 1830)</small>
- Phytobia fausta <small>Spencer, 1977</small>
- Phytobia flavifrontalis <small>Sousa & Couri, 2017</small>
- Phytobia flavohumeralis <small>Sehgal, 1968</small>
- Phytobia flavosquamata <small>(Spencer, 1959)</small>
- Phytobia frutescens <small>Sasakawa, 1996</small>
- Phytobia furcata <small>(Sasakawa, 1963)</small>
- Phytobia fusca <small>Sasakawa, 1996</small>
- Phytobia gigas <small>Spencer, 1966</small>
- Phytobia graeca <small>Cerný, 2011</small>
- Phytobia grandissima <small>Singh & Ipe, 1973</small>
- Phytobia guatemalensis <small>Sasakawa, 2005</small>
- Phytobia harai <small>Sasakawa, 1994</small>
- Phytobia hirticula <small>(Sasakawa, 1963)</small>
- Phytobia incerta <small>Spencer, 1963</small>
- Phytobia indecora <small>(Malloch, 1918)</small>
- Phytobia insulana <small>Spencer, 1977</small>
- Phytobia inusitata <small>Spencer, 1966</small>
- Phytobia ipeii <small>Singh & Tandon, 1966</small>
- Phytobia iridis <small>(Hendel, 1927)</small>
- Phytobia kallima <small>Frost, 1936</small>
- Phytobia kuhlmanni <small>Spencer, 1966</small>
- Phytobia lamasi <small>Sousa & Couri, 2017</small>
- Phytobia lanei <small>Spencer, 1966</small>
- Phytobia liepae <small>Spencer, 1977</small>
- Phytobia lineata <small>Sasakawa, 1955</small>
- Phytobia longipes <small>Sasakawa, 1988</small>
- Phytobia lunulata <small>Hendel, 1920</small>
- Phytobia luzonensis <small>Sasakawa, 1996</small>
- Phytobia maai <small>(Spencer, 1962)</small>
- Phytobia macalpinei <small>Spencer, 1977</small>
- Phytobia magna <small>(Sasakawa, 1963)</small>
- Phytobia malabarensis <small>Spencer, 1977</small>
- Phytobia mallochi <small>(Hendel, 1924)</small>
- Phytobia manifesta <small>Spencer, 1977</small>
- Phytobia matura <small>Spencer, 1973</small>
- Phytobia megapodema <small>Sousa & Couri, 2017</small>
- Phytobia mentula <small>Sasakawa, 1992</small>
- Phytobia millarae <small>Spencer, 1977</small>
- Phytobia monsonensis <small>Sasakawa, 1992</small>
- Phytobia morio <small>(Brischke, 1881)</small>
- Phytobia multisetosa <small>Sousa & Couri, 2017</small>
- Phytobia nigeriensis <small>Spencer, 1977</small>
- Phytobia nigrita <small>(Malloch, 1914)</small>
- Phytobia niheii <small>Sousa & Couri, 2017</small>
- Phytobia optabilis <small>Spencer, 1977</small>
- Phytobia pallida <small>Spencer, 1986</small>
- Phytobia pansa <small>Sasakawa, 1996</small>
- Phytobia papillata <small>Sasakawa, 2013</small>
- Phytobia paranaensis <small>(Spencer, 1966)</small>
- Phytobia peruensis <small>Spencer, 1977</small>
- Phytobia pipinna <small>Sasakawa, 1992</small>
- Phytobia planipalpis <small>Sousa & Couri, 2017</small>
- Phytobia powelli <small>Spencer, 1981</small>
- Phytobia prolata <small>(Sasakawa, 1963)</small>
- Phytobia propincua <small>(Sasakawa, 1963)</small>
- Phytobia pruinosa <small>(Coquillett, 1902)</small>
- Phytobia pruni <small>(Grossenbacher, 1915)</small>
- Phytobia prunivora <small>Spencer, 1981</small>
- Phytobia pseudobetulivora <small>Zlobin, 2008</small>
- Phytobia pyri <small>Sousa & Couri, 2017</small>
- Phytobia rabelloi <small>Spencer, 1966</small>
- Phytobia ruandensis <small>(Spencer, 1959)</small>
- Phytobia sasakawai <small>Spencer, 1989</small>
- Phytobia semibifurcata <small>Zlobin, 2002</small>
- Phytobia seticopia <small>(Sasakawa, 1963)</small>
- Phytobia setitibialis <small>Sasakawa, 1992</small>
- Phytobia setosa <small>(Loew, 1869)</small>
- Phytobia shizukoae <small>Spencer, 1965</small>
- Phytobia simpla <small>Sousa & Couri, 2017</small>
- Phytobia sinuosa <small>Sasakawa, 2013</small>
- Phytobia spinifera <small>Sousa & Couri, 2017</small>
- Phytobia spinulosa <small>Sasakawa, 1992</small>
- Phytobia subdiversata <small>Sasakawa, 1996</small>
- Phytobia terminalis <small>(Sasakawa, 1963)</small>
- Phytobia torulosa <small>Sasakawa, 2013</small>
- Phytobia triangularis <small>(Sasakawa, 2013)</small>
- Phytobia triplicis <small>Zlobin, 2002</small>
- Phytobia unica <small>Spencer, 1973</small>
- Phytobia vanduzeei <small>Spencer, 1981</small>
- Phytobia vilkamaai <small>Zlobin, 2002</small>
- Phytobia vindhyaensis <small>Singh & Ipe, 1973</small>
- Phytobia waltoni <small>(Malloch, 1913)</small>
- Phytobia xanthophora <small>(Schiner, 1868)</small>
- Phytobia xizangensis <small>(Chen & Wang, 2008)</small>
References
External links