Phrynobatrachus is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs. The common name, puddle frog, refers to the fact that many species breed in temporary waterbodies such as puddles.
Phrynobatrachus are among the most common amphibians in Africa. They are typically small (mostly less than ), fast-moving frogs. They occupy a variety of habitats from dry savannas to rainforests. Most species deposit many small eggs as a surface clutch in standing or slowly moving water and have tadpoles.
Taxonomy
Phrynobatrachidae has earlier been considered as a subfamily of Ranidae, but its recognition as a family is now well-established. It is probably most closely related to Petropedetidae and Pyxicephalidae or Ptychadenidae.
This large genus may be further divided into three major clades. These clades could be treated as different genera, but this arrangement is not yet in use.
Species
There are currently 96 species in this genus:
- Phrynobatrachus acridoides <small>(Cope, 1867)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus acutirostris <small>Nieden, 1912</small>
- Phrynobatrachus afiabirago <small>Ofori-Boateng, Leaché, Obeng-Kankam, Kouamé, Hillers & Rödel, 2018</small>
- Phrynobatrachus africanus <small>(Hallowell, 1858)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus albifer <small>(Ahl, 1924)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus albomarginatus <small>De Witte, 1933</small>
- Phrynobatrachus alleni <small>Parker, 1936</small>
- Phrynobatrachus ambanguluensis <small>Greenwood, Loader, Lawson, Greenbaum, and Zimkus, 2020</small>
- Phrynobatrachus amieti <small>NeÃÂas, Dolinay, Zimkus, and GvoÃ
¾dÃÂk, 2021</small>
- Phrynobatrachus annulatus <small>Perret, 1966</small>
- Phrynobatrachus anotis <small>Schmidt and Inger, 1959</small>
- Phrynobatrachus arcanus <small>GvoÃ
¾dÃÂk, NeÃÂas, Dolinay, Zimkus, Schmitz, and Fokam, 2020</small>
- Phrynobatrachus asper <small>Laurent, 1951</small>
- Phrynobatrachus auritus <small>Boulenger, 1900</small>
- Phrynobatrachus batesii <small>(Boulenger, 1906)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus bequaerti <small>(Barbour and Loveridge, 1929)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus bibita <small>Goutte, Reyes-Velasco, and Boissinot, 2019</small>
- Phrynobatrachus breviceps <small>Pickersgill, 2007</small>
- Phrynobatrachus brevipalmatus <small>(Ahl, 1925)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus brongersmai <small>Parker, 1936</small>
- Phrynobatrachus bullans <small>Crutsinger, Pickersgill, Channing, and Moyer, 2004</small>
- Phrynobatrachus calcaratus <small>(Peters, 1863)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus chukuchuku <small>Zimkus, 2009</small>
- Phrynobatrachus congicus <small>(Ahl, 1925)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus cornutus <small>(Boulenger, 1906)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus cricogaster <small>Perret, 1957</small>
- Phrynobatrachus cryptotis <small>Schmidt and Inger, 1959</small>
- Phrynobatrachus dalcqi <small>Laurent, 1952</small>
- Phrynobatrachus danko <small>Blackburn, 2010</small>
- Phrynobatrachus dendrobates <small>(Boulenger, 1919)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus discogularis <small>Pickersgill, Zimkus, and Raw, 2017</small>
- Phrynobatrachus dispar <small>(Peters, 1870)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus elberti <small>(Ahl, 1925)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus francisci <small>Boulenger, 1912</small>
- Phrynobatrachus fraterculus <small>(Chabanaud, 1921)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus gastoni <small>Barbour and Loveridge, 1928</small>
- Phrynobatrachus ghanensis <small>Schiøtz, 1964</small>
- Phrynobatrachus giorgii <small>De Witte, 1921</small>
- Phrynobatrachus graueri <small>(Nieden, 1911)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus guineensis <small>Guibé and Lamotte, 1962</small>
- Phrynobatrachus gutturosus <small>(Chabanaud, 1921)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus hieroglyphicus <small>Rödel, Ohler, and Hillers, 2010</small>
- Phrynobatrachus horsti <small>Rödel, Burger, Zassi-Boufou, Emmrich, Penner, and Barej, 2015</small>
- Phrynobatrachus hylaios <small>Perret, 1959</small>
- Phrynobatrachus inexpectatus <small>Largen, 2001</small>
- Phrynobatrachus intermedius <small>Rödel, Boateng, Penner, and Hillers, 2009</small>
- Phrynobatrachus irangi <small>Drewes and Perret, 2000</small>
- Phrynobatrachus jimzimkusi <small>Zimkus, GvoÃ
¾dÃÂk, and Gonwouo, 2013</small>
- Phrynobatrachus kakamikro <small>Schick, Zimkus, Channing, Köhler, and Lötters, 2010</small>
- Phrynobatrachus keniensis <small>Barbour and Loveridge, 1928</small>
- Phrynobatrachus kinangopensis <small>Angel, 1924</small>
- Phrynobatrachus krefftii <small>Boulenger, 1909</small>
- Phrynobatrachus latifrons <small>Ahl, 1924</small>
- Phrynobatrachus leveleve <small>Uyeda, Drewes, and Zimkus, 2007</small>
- Phrynobatrachus liberiensis <small>Barbour and Loveridge, 1927</small>
- Phrynobatrachus mababiensis <small>FitzSimons, 1932</small>
- Phrynobatrachus maculiventris <small>Guibé and Lamotte, 1958</small>
- Phrynobatrachus manengoubensis <small>(Angel, 1940)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus mayokoensis <small> Rödel, Burger, Zassi-Boulou, Emmrich, Penner, and Barej, 2015</small>
- Phrynobatrachus mbabo <small>GvoÃ
¾dÃÂk, NeÃÂas, Dolinay, Zimkus, Schmitz, and Fokam, 2020</small>
- Phrynobatrachus minutus <small>(Boulenger, 1895)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus nanus <small>(Ahl, 1925)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus natalensis <small>(Smith, 1849)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus njiomock <small>Zimkus and GvoÃ
¾dÃÂk, 2013</small>
- Phrynobatrachus ogoensis <small>(Boulenger, 1906)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus pakenhami <small>Loveridge, 1941</small>
- Phrynobatrachus pallidus <small>Pickersgill, 2007</small>
- Phrynobatrachus parkeri <small>De Witte, 1933</small>
- Phrynobatrachus parvulus <small>(Boulenger, 1905)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus perpalmatus <small>Boulenger, 1898</small>
- Phrynobatrachus petropedetoides <small>Ahl, 1924</small>
- Phrynobatrachus phyllophilus <small>Rödel and Ernst, 2002</small>
- Phrynobatrachus pintoi <small>Hillers, Zimkus, and Rödel, 2008</small>
- Phrynobatrachus plicatus <small>(Günther, 1858)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus pygmaeus <small>(Ahl, 1925)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus rainerguentheri <small>Rödel, Onadeko, Barej, and Sandberger, 2012</small>
- Phrynobatrachus rouxi <small>(Nieden, 1912)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus rungwensis <small>(Loveridge, 1932)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus ruthbeateae <small>Rödel, Doherty-Bone, Kouete, Janzen, Garrett, Browne, Gonwouo, Barej, and Sandberger, 2012</small>
- Phrynobatrachus sandersoni <small>(Parker, 1935)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus scapularis <small>(De Witte, 1933)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus scheffleri <small>(Nieden, 1911)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus schioetzi <small>Blackburn and Rödel, 2011</small>
- Phrynobatrachus steindachneri <small>Nieden, 1910</small>
- Phrynobatrachus sternfeldi <small>(Ahl, 1924)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus stewartae <small>Poynton and Broadley, 1985</small>
- Phrynobatrachus sulfureogularis <small>Laurent, 1951</small>
- Phrynobatrachus taiensis <small>Perret, 1988</small>
- Phrynobatrachus tanoeensis <small>Kpan, Kouamé, Barej, Adeba, Emmrich, Boateng, and Rödel, 2018</small>
- Phrynobatrachus tokba <small>(Chabanaud, 1921)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus ukingensis <small>(Loveridge, 1932)</small>
- Phrynobatrachus ungujae <small>Pickersgill, 2007</small>
- Phrynobatrachus uzungwensis <small>Grandison and Howell, 1983</small>
- Phrynobatrachus versicolor <small>Ahl, 1924</small>
- Phrynobatrachus villiersi <small>Guibé, 1959</small>
- Phrynobatrachus werneri <small>(Nieden, 1910)</small>
References
External links