Phrynocephalus axillaris, also known commonly as the Yarkand toadhead agama and the Yarkand toad-headed agama, is a species of lizard in the subfamily Agaminae of the family Agamidae. The species is native to China, Mongolia, Tibet, and Turkestan.
The preferred natural habitat of Phrynosoma axillaris is desert, at altitudes of .
Phrynocephalus axillaris is oviparous. Clutch size is two to five eggs.
The specific name of a junior synonymy, ludovici (meaning "of Louis" in Latin), is in honor of French zoologist Léon Louis Vaillant.