Phoroncidia

Phoroncidia is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by J. O. Westwood in 1835.

Description

Males measure 1 to 4.5 mm, while females range from 1.3 to 8.5 mm.

The carapace has an eye region projecting above the clypeus. The chelicerae are small with a pair of strong hairs. The abdomen varies in shape, being heavily sclerotized and often leathery, with pronounced folds or humps or with strong spines, tubercles, or extensions. A sclerotized ring surrounds the spinnerets.

The legs are short, with the fourth leg usually longer than the first.

Species

, this genus includes 83 species and one subspecies:

• Phoroncidia aciculata <small>Thorell, 1877</small> – Indonesia (Sulawesi)
• Phoroncidia aculeata <small>Westwood, 1835</small> – India, China (type species)
• Phoroncidia alishanensis <small>Chen, 1990</small> – Taiwan
• Phoroncidia altiventris <small>Yoshida, 1985</small> – Korea, Japan
• Phoroncidia alveolata <small>(Simon, 1903)</small> – Equatorial Guinea
• Phoroncidia ambatolahy <small>Kariko, 2014</small> – Madagascar
• Phoroncidia americana <small>(Emerton, 1882)</small> – Canada, United States, Cuba, Jamaica
• Phoroncidia argoides <small>(Doleschall, 1857)</small> – Indonesia (Ambon)
• Phoroncidia aurata <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877</small> – Madagascar
• Phoroncidia bifrons <small>(Simon, 1895)</small> – Philippines
• Phoroncidia biocellata <small>(Simon, 1893)</small> – Brazil
• Phoroncidia bukolana <small>Barrion & , 1995</small> – Philippines
• Phoroncidia capensis <small>(Simon, 1895)</small> – South Africa
• Phoroncidia chelys <small>(L. Koch, 1872)</small> – Fiji
• Phoroncidia cibagou <small>Gan, Mi & Wang, 2025</small> – China
• Phoroncidia concave <small>Yin & Xu, 2012</small> – China
• Phoroncidia coracina <small>(Simon, 1899)</small> – Indonesia (Sumatra)
• Phoroncidia cribrata <small>(Simon, 1893)</small> – Paraguay
• Phoroncidia crustula <small>Zhu, 1998</small> – China (Hainan)
• Phoroncidia cygnea <small>(Hickman, 1951)</small> – Australia (Tasmania)
• Phoroncidia dino <small>Vanuytven, 2022</small> – Papua New Guinea
• Phoroncidia eburnea <small>(Simon, 1895)</small> – South Africa, Eswatini
• Phoroncidia ellenbergeri <small>Berland, 1913</small> – Gabon
• Phoroncidia escalerai <small>(Simon, 1903)</small> – Equatorial Guinea
• Phoroncidia flavolimbata <small>(Simon, 1893)</small> – Ecuador
• Phoroncidia floripara <small>Gao & Li, 2014</small> – China
• Phoroncidia fumosa <small>(Nicolet, 1849)</small> – Chile
• Phoroncidia gayi <small>(Nicolet, 1849)</small> – Chile
• Phoroncidia gira <small>Levi, 1964</small> – Venezuela
• Phoroncidia hankiewiczi <small>(Kulczyński, 1911)</small> – Portugal, Spain, France
• Phoroncidia hexacantha <small>Thorell, 1890</small> – Indonesia (Sumatra)
• Phoroncidia jacobsoni <small>(Reimoser, 1925)</small> – Indonesia (Sumatra)
• Phoroncidia kibonotensis <small>(Tullgren, 1910)</small> – Kenya, Tanzania
• P. k. concolor <small>(Caporiacco, 1949)</small> – Kenya
• Phoroncidia levii <small>Chrysanthus, 1963</small> – Indonesia (New Guinea)
• Phoroncidia longiceps <small>(Keyserling, 1886)</small> – Brazil
• Phoroncidia lygeana <small>(Walckenaer, 1841)</small> – Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo)
• Phoroncidia maindroni <small>(Simon, 1905)</small> – India
• Phoroncidia minlangi <small>Lin & Li, 2023</small> – China
• Phoroncidia minuta <small>(Spassky, 1932)</small> – Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran
• Phoroncidia moyobamba <small>Levi, 1964</small> – Peru, Brazil
• Phoroncidia musiva <small>(Simon, 1880)</small> – New Caledonia
• Phoroncidia nasuta <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873)</small> – Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Japan
• Phoroncidia nicoleti <small>(Roewer, 1942)</small> – Chile
• Phoroncidia nicoleti <small>Levi, 1964</small> – Chile
• Phoroncidia oahuensis <small>(Simon, 1900)</small> – Hawaii
• Phoroncidia paradoxa <small>(Lucas, 1846)</small> – Southern Europe, North Africa, Turkey
• Phoroncidia pennata <small>(Nicolet, 1849)</small> – Chile
• Phoroncidia personata <small>(L. Koch, 1872)</small> – Samoa
• Phoroncidia pilula <small>(Karsch, 1879)</small> – Georgia, Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan
• Phoroncidia pilula <small>(Simon, 1895)</small> – Tanzania (Zanzibar)
• Phoroncidia piratini <small>Rodrigues & Marques, 2010</small> – Brazil
• Phoroncidia pukeiwa <small>(Marples, 1955)</small> – New Zealand
• Phoroncidia puketoru <small>(Marples, 1955)</small> – New Zealand
• Phoroncidia puyehue <small>Levi, 1967</small> – Chile
• Phoroncidia quadrata <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880)</small> – New Zealand
• Phoroncidia ravot <small>Levi, 1964</small> – Venezuela
• Phoroncidia reimoseri <small>Levi, 1964</small> – Brazil
• Phoroncidia roseleviorum <small>Kariko, 2014</small> – Madagascar
• Phoroncidia rotunda <small>(Keyserling, 1890)</small> – Australia (Queensland, Lord Howe Is.), Samoa
• Phoroncidia rubens <small>Thorell, 1899</small> – Cameroon
• Phoroncidia rubroargentea <small>Berland, 1913</small> – Madagascar
• Phoroncidia rubromaculata <small>(Keyserling, 1886)</small> – Brazil
• Phoroncidia ryukyuensis <small>Yoshida, 1979</small> – Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyu Is.)
• Phoroncidia saboya <small>Levi, 1964</small> – Colombia
• Phoroncidia scutellata <small>(Taczanowski, 1879)</small> – Peru
• Phoroncidia scutula <small>(Nicolet, 1849)</small> – Bolivia, Chile
• Phoroncidia septemaculeata <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873</small> – India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia
• Phoroncidia sextuberculata <small>(Keyserling, 1890)</small> – Australia (Queensland)
• Phoroncidia sjostedti <small>Tullgren, 1910</small> – Tanzania
• Phoroncidia spissa <small>(Nicolet, 1849)</small> – Chile
• Phoroncidia splendida <small>Thorell, 1899</small> – West Africa
• Phoroncidia studo <small>Levi, 1964</small> – Peru, Brazil
• Phoroncidia testudo <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873)</small> – India, Sri Lanka
• Phoroncidia thwaitesi <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869</small> – Sri Lanka
• Phoroncidia tina <small>Levi, 1964</small> – Brazil
• Phoroncidia tricuspidata <small>(Blackwall, 1863)</small> – Brazil
• Phoroncidia trituberculata <small>(Hickman, 1951)</small> – Australia (Tasmania)
• Phoroncidia triunfo <small>Levi, 1964</small> – Mexico to Costa Rica
• Phoroncidia truncatula <small>(Strand, 1909)</small> – South Africa
• Phoroncidia umbrosa <small>(Nicolet, 1849)</small> – Chile
• Phoroncidia variabilis <small>(Nicolet, 1849)</small> – Chile
• Phoroncidia vatoharanana <small>Kariko, 2014</small> – Madagascar
• Phoroncidia wrightae <small>Kariko, 2014</small> – Madagascar

Formerly included:

• P. flavomaculata <small>(Keyserling, 1891)</small> (Transferred to Dipoena)
• P. sudabides <small>( & Strand, 1906)</small> (Transferred to Chrosiothes)

Nomen dubium

• P. quadrispinella <small>Strand, 1907</small>

References

Further reading