Philoliche is a genus of long-tongued horse-flies found in the Old World. It is placed in the tribe Philolichini. The clade is thought to have originated about 40 million years ago and the 120 or more species are thought to have originated in Africa and expanded into Asia. The plants that they pollinate tend to have elongate corolla tubes.
The species Philoliche longirostris is noted for having the longest extension of the labium, used by males and females to obtain nectar. Females obtain blood from vertebrates using the shorter feeding tube (or syntrophium) that is hidden at the base of the labium.
Species
Species in the genus include:
- Philoliche acutipalpis <small>(Enderlein, 1925)</small>
- Philoliche adjuncta <small>(Walker, 1848)</small>
- Philoliche aethiopica <small>(Thunberg, 1789)</small>
- Philoliche alternans <small>(Macquart, 1855)</small>
- Philoliche amboinensis <small>(Fabricius, 1805)</small>
- Philoliche andrenoides <small>Usher, 1965</small>
- Philoliche angolensis <small>Dias & Serrano, 1967</small>
- Philoliche angulata <small>(Fabricius, 1805)</small>
- Philoliche armigera <small>Oldroyd, 1957</small>
- Philoliche atricornis <small>(Wiedemann, 1821)</small>
- Philoliche auricoma <small>(Austen, 1911)</small>
- Philoliche basalis <small>Oldroyd, 1957</small>
- Philoliche beckeri <small>(Bezzi, 1901)</small>
- Philoliche bivirgulata <small>(Austen, 1937)</small>
- Philoliche brachyrrhyncha <small>(Bigot, 1892)</small>
- Philoliche bracteata <small>(Austen, 1937)</small>
- Philoliche bricchettii <small>(Bezzi, 1892)</small>
- Philoliche brincki <small>Oldroyd, 1957</small>
- Philoliche bubsequa <small>(Austen, 1910)</small>
- Philoliche bukamensis <small>(Bequaert, 1913)</small>
- Philoliche bushmani <small>Oldroyd, 1957</small>
- Philoliche buxtoni <small>Mackerras & Rageau, 1958</small>
- Philoliche caffra <small>(Macquart, 1847)</small>
- Philoliche candidolimbata <small>(Austen, 1911)</small>
- Philoliche carpenteri <small>(Austen, 1920)</small>
- Philoliche chaineyi <small>Dias, 1991</small>
- Philoliche chrysopila <small>(Macquart, 1834)</small>
- Philoliche chrysostigma <small>(Wiedemann, 1828)</small>
- Philoliche coetzeei <small>Dias, 1991</small>
- Philoliche comata <small>(Austen, 1912)</small>
- Philoliche compacta <small>(Austen, 1908)</small>
- Philoliche concitans <small>(Austen, 1910)</small>
- Philoliche crassipalpis <small>(Macquart, 1838)</small>
- Philoliche cunhai <small>Dias, 1955</small>
- Philoliche discincta <small>(Enderlein, 1925)</small>
- Philoliche discors <small>(Austen, 1920)</small>
- Philoliche dissimilis <small>(Ricardo, 1914)</small>
- Philoliche distincta <small>(Ricardo, 1908)</small>
- Philoliche dorsalis <small>(Latreille, 1811)</small>
- Philoliche dubiosa <small>Dias, 1991</small>
- Philoliche elegans <small>(Bigot, 1892)</small>
- Philoliche elongata <small>(Ricardo, 1908)</small>
- Philoliche flava <small>Chainey, 1983</small>
- Philoliche flavipes <small>(Macquart, 1838)</small>
- Philoliche flavitibialis <small>Chainey, 1983</small>
- Philoliche flaviventris <small>Enderlein, 1925</small>
- Philoliche fodiens <small>(Austen, 1908)</small>
- Philoliche formosa <small>(Austen, 1920)</small>
- Philoliche fuscanipennis <small>(Macquart, 1855)</small>
- Philoliche fuscinervis <small>(Austen, 1920)</small>
- Philoliche gravoti <small>(Surcouf, 1908)</small>
- Philoliche gulosa <small>(Wiedemann, 1828)</small>
- Philoliche haroldi <small>Chvála, 1969</small>
- Philoliche hastata <small>(Austen, 1912)</small>
- Philoliche infusca <small>(Austen, 1911)</small>
- Philoliche ingrata <small>Oldroyd, 1957</small>
- Philoliche inornata <small>(Austen, 1911)</small>
- Philoliche irishi <small>Dias, 1991</small>
- Philoliche korosicsomana <small>(Szilády, 1926)</small>
- Philoliche lateralis <small>(Fabricius, 1805)</small>
- Philoliche lautissima <small>(Austen, 1920)</small>
- Philoliche lineatithorax <small>(Austen, 1912)</small>
- Philoliche londti <small>Chainey, 1983</small>
- Philoliche longirostris <small>(Hardwicke, 1823)</small>
- Philoliche lugens <small>(Thunberg, 1789)</small>
- Philoliche macquartiana <small>Chvála, 1969</small>
- Philoliche magrettii <small>(Bezzi, 1901)</small>
- Philoliche makueni <small>Oldroyd, 1957</small>
- Philoliche malindensis <small>Oldroyd, 1957</small>
- Philoliche marrietti <small>Usher, 1967</small>
- Philoliche medialis <small>Oldroyd, 1957</small>
- Philoliche morstatti <small>(Enderlein, 1925)</small>
- Philoliche neavei <small>(Austen, 1910)</small>
- Philoliche neocaledonica <small>(Mégnin, 1878)</small>
- Philoliche nigra <small>(Dias, 1962)</small>
- Philoliche nigripes <small>(Enderlein, 1925)</small>
- Philoliche nitida <small>Usher, 1968</small>
- Philoliche niveibasis <small>(Enderlein, 1937)</small>
- Philoliche nobilis <small>(Wiedemann, 1830)</small>
- Philoliche oldroydi <small>Tendeiro, 1965</small>
- Philoliche omanensis <small>Chainey, 1983</small>
- Philoliche oreophila <small>Usher, 1967</small>
- Philoliche ovambo <small>Oldroyd, 1957</small>
- Philoliche ovazzai <small>Raymond, 1975</small>
- Philoliche palustris <small>Bowden, 1977</small>
- Philoliche pamelae <small>Dias, 1991</small>
- Philoliche pennata <small>Oldroyd, 1957</small>
- Philoliche penrithorum <small>Dias, 1991</small>
- Philoliche peringueyi <small>Chainey, 1983</small>
- Philoliche pollinia <small>Bowden, 1977</small>
- Philoliche praeterita <small>Oldroyd, 1957</small>
- Philoliche quinquemaculata <small>(Austen, 1908)</small>
- Philoliche ricardoae <small>Chainey & Oldroyd, 1980</small>
- Philoliche rodhaini <small>(Bequaert, 1924)</small>
- Philoliche rondani <small>(Bertoloni, 1861)</small>
- Philoliche rostrata <small>(Linnaeus, 1764)</small>
- Philoliche rubiginosa <small>Dias, 1966</small>
- Philoliche rubramarginata <small>(Macquart, 1855)</small>
- Philoliche rueppellii <small>(Jaennicke, 1867)</small>
- Philoliche sagittaria <small>(Surcouf, 1911)</small>
- Philoliche schwetzi <small>(Austen, 1920)</small>
- Philoliche semilivida <small>(Bigot, 1891)</small>
- Philoliche senex <small>(Enderlein, 1937)</small>
- Philoliche silverlocki <small>(Austen, 1912)</small>
- Philoliche similima <small>(Enderlein, 1925)</small>
- Philoliche speciosa <small>(Austen, 1912)</small>
- Philoliche spiloptera <small>(Wiedemann, 1821)</small>
- Philoliche stuckenbergi <small>Chainey, 1983</small>
- Philoliche suavis <small>(Loew, 1858)</small>
- Philoliche subfascia <small>(Walker, 1854)</small>
- Philoliche taprobanes <small>(Walker, 1854)</small>
- Philoliche tendeiroi <small>Dias & Serrano, 1967</small>
- Philoliche tertiomaculata <small>Oldroyd, 1957</small>
- Philoliche tumidifacies <small>(Austen, 1937)</small>
- Philoliche turpis <small>Usher, 1968</small>
- Philoliche varipes <small>(Ricardo, 1911)</small>
- Philoliche verventi <small>Mackerras & Rageau, 1958</small>
- Philoliche virgata <small>(Austen, 1910)</small>
- Philoliche vittata <small>(Thunberg, 1827)</small>
- Philoliche zernyi <small>(Szilády, 1926)</small>
- Philoliche zonata <small>(Walker, 1871)</small>
References