Phibunsongkhram Province () was a province of Thailand that existed between 1941 and 1946. It was created as a result of the annexation of Cambodian territory by Thailand following the 1940-41 Franco-Thai war. The province was named after Plaek Phibunsongkhram. The province was dissolved and returned to Cambodia in 1946.
The province was formed in 1941 after France ceded Siem Reap (excluding Siem Reap town and the Angkor Wat ruins ), Oddar Meanchey and Banteay Meanchey provinces to Thailand as a result of the Franco-Thai war. The province was dissolved in 1946 and returned to France after the post-war French government threatened to veto Thailand's entry into the UN.
Phibunsongkhram was divided into six districts (amphoe):