Petr Samoylenko (born February 7, 1977) is a retired Russian professional basketball player. At a height of 6 ft 1 in (1.87 m) tall, and a weight of 190 pounds (86 kg), he played at the point guard position. He was best known throughout his career for being a defensive specialist.
Samoylenko played professionally with Samara, UNICS Kazan, Dynamo Moscow, and Spartak Primorye.
Samoylenko was a long-time member of the senior Russian national basketball team. With Russia's senior national team, he played at the following tournaments: the EuroBasket 2001, the EuroBasket 2003, the EuroBasket 2005, the EuroBasket 2007, and the 2008 Summer Olympic Games.