Parasemionotiformes is an extinct order of neopterygian ray-finned fish that existed globally during the Triassic period. It comprises the families Parasemionotidae and Promecosominidae. Many of the included genera are monotypic and most species lived during the Early Triassic epoch.
Parasemionotiforms were normally small to medium-sized fishes. They were predominantly marine.
Evolutionary relationships
Parasemionotiformes are neopterygians, which is the clade that encompasses the vast majority of living ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) and about half of all living species of vertebrates. Neopterygii are divided into Teleostei and Holostei. The latter represents a depauperate group today but used to be a diverse clade especially during the Mesozoic Era. The only surviving members of the Holostei are the gars (Ginglymodi) and the bowfin (Halecomorphi).
Parasemionotiformes belong to Holostei and are one of the earliest clades of the Halecomorphi (bowfin and its extinct relatives). Parasemionotiformes are the sister group to all other halecomorphs according to cladistic analyses.
The following tree summarizes the evolutionary relationships of the Parasemionotiformes. Names accompanied by a dagger (â ) represent extinct groups.
Classification
- Order Parasemionotiformes <small>Lehman, 1966</small>
- Family incertae sedis
- Genus Peia <small>Ji, 2009</small>
- Peia jurongensis <small>Ji, 2009</small> (type species)
- Family Parasemionotidae <small>Stensiö, 1932</small> (= Ospiidae <small>Stensiö, 1932</small>)
- Genus Parasemionotus <small>Piveteau, 1929</small>
- Parasemionotus labordei (<small>Priem, 1924</small>) (type species)
- Parasemionotus besairiei <small>Lehman et al., 1959</small>
- Genus Ospia <small>Stensiö, 1932</small>
- Ospia whitei <small>Stensiö, 1932</small> (type species)
- Genus Broughia <small>Stensiö, 1932</small>
- Broughia perleididoides <small>Stensiö, 1932</small> (type species)
- Genus Watsonulus <small>Brough, 1939</small> (= Watsonia <small>Piveteau, 1934</small>)
- Watsonulus eugnathoides (<small>Piveteau, 1934</small>) (type species)
- Genus Stensionotus <small>Lehman, 1952</small>
- Stensionotus intercessus <small>Lehman, 1952</small> (type species)
- Stensionotus dongchangensis <small>Liu et al., 2002</small>
- Genus Jacobulus <small>Lehman, 1952</small>
- Jacobulus novus <small>Lehman, 1952</small> (type species)
- Genus Thomasinotus <small>Lehman, 1952</small>
- Thomasinotus divisus <small>Lehman, 1952</small> (type species)
- Genus Albertonia <small>Gardiner, 1966</small>
- Albertonia cupidinia (<small>Lambe, 1916</small>) (type species)
- Genus Lehmanotus <small>Beltan, 1968</small>
- Lehmanotus markubai <small>Beltan, 1968</small> (type species)
- Genus Devillersia <small>Beltan, 1968</small>
- Devillersia madagascariensis <small>Beltan, 1968</small> (type species)
- Genus Piveteaunotus <small>Beltan, 1968</small>
- Piveteaunotus ifasiensis <small>Beltan, 1968</small> (type species)
- Genus Icarealcyon <small>Beltan, 1980</small>
- Icarealcyon malagasium <small>Beltan, 1980</small> (type species)
- Genus Jurongia <small>Liu et al., 2002</small>
- Jurongia fusiformis <small>Liu et al., 2002</small> (type species)
- Genus Qingshania <small>Liu et al., 2002</small>
- Qingshania cercida <small>Liu et al., 2002</small> (type species)
- Genus Suius <small>Liu et al., 2002</small>
- Suius brevis <small>Liu et al., 2002</small> (type species)
- Genus Candelarialepis <small>Romano et al., 2019</small>
- Candelarialepis argentus <small>Romano et al., 2019</small> (type species)
- Family Promecosominidae <small>Wade, 1940</small>
- Genus Promecosomina <small>Wade, 1935</small>
- Promecosomina formosa (<small>Woodward, 1890</small>) (type species) (= P. beaconensis <small>Wade, 1935</small>)
See also
References