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Pancasikha

Pancasikha (Sanskrit: Pañcaśikha; Pali: Pañcasikha) is a gandharva in the Buddhist pantheon.

Character

Pañcaśikha is the god who receives messages from the Four Heavenly Kings and their ministers regarding the deeds done in the human world. He would pass information on to Mātali, who in turn informed the king of Trāyastriṃśa, Śakra. He is also king among the gandharvas, a status granted by Śakra.

His lover is the female gandharva Bhadrā Sūryavarcasā (Sanskrit; Pali: Bhaddā Suriyavaccasā).

His favorite instrument is the Beluvapanduvīnā, a stringed instrument that originally belonged to Mara. In Mahayana sources, this is described as a lute made of beryl or lapis lazuli (Ch: 琉璃琴 or 瑠璃寶裝箜篌).

Literature

Sakkapañha Sutta/Śakraparipṛcchā Sūtra

Pañcaśikha makes his most notable appearance in the Sutra of the Questions of Śakra; the Sakkapañha Sutta in the Pali Canon and the Śakraparipṛcchā Sūtra (帝釋所問經) in the Taishō Tripiṭaka; where his role as interlocutor becomes apparent.

Śakra, on wishing to see the Buddha appeared with a retinue of gods in the human world above Mount Vediyaka. The light created by their glory was noticed by the residents of the local village, who assumed that the mountain had caught on fire. Śakra persuaded Pañcaśikha to charm the Buddha out of his meditation in order to gain his attention. Pañcaśikha obliged and went to the cave in which the Buddha was staying. He addressed him with a song about the Three Jewels and romantic love.

Pañcaśikha’s Song

The Buddha's response

The Buddha praised Pañcaśikha for his ability to harmonize his voice and instrument and asked him when he composed the song. Pañcaśikha relayed the story of when he fell in love with the goddess Bhaddā Suriyavaccasā shortly after the Buddha's enlightenment.

Other

Within Pali literature, Pañcaśikha is seen in the Pañcasikha Sutta where he visits the Buddha and asks him why some beings attain arhatship in their present lives while others do not. The Bilārakosiya Jātaka states that in a past life, Ananda held the office of Pañcaśikha.

He also appears in Sanskrit literature such as the Avadānaśataka. He is also counted among deities in Mahayana texts such as the Samādhirāja Sūtra, the Dānapāramitā Sūtra and the Pratītyasamutpāda Sūtra.

See also

  • Gandharva
  • Hermes - a Greek god who shares some similarities with Pañcaśikha

References