The cyrillization of Chinese is the transcription of Chinese characters into the Cyrillic alphabet.
The Palladius system is the official Russian standard for transcribing Mandarin Chinese into Russian, with variants existing for Ukrainian, Belarusian and the various languages of Russia. It was created by Palladius Kafarov, a Russian sinologist and monk who spent thirty years in China in the nineteenth century. Other languages that use the Cyrillic script have systems designed for their own language.
Note that because the Russian version of the Cyrillic alphabet has no letters for dz or dzh (although ô÷ and ôö are found in Bulgarian, and also àand àare found in Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic), the digraphs ÃÂ÷ and ÃÂö are used respectively.
In composites, coda ng is transcribed ýàwhen the following syllable starts with a vowel. For example, the names of the cities of Chang'an and Hengyang are transcribed as çðýÃÂðýàand ÃÂ¥ÃÂýÃÂÃÂý.
In syllables with no initial, w is transcribed as ò in all cases except wu, transcribed as ÃÂ. For example, the names of the cities of Wuwei (both Wuwei, Anhui and Wuwei, Gansu) and Wanning are transcribed as ãòÃÂù and ÃÂðýÃÂýøý.
This table establishes correspondence between the Russian Palladius system together with the two Romanization systems most commonly used in English-speaking countries: Pinyin and WadeâÂÂGiles. It contains every syllable found in Great ChineseâÂÂRussian Dictionary.
Note that the Palladius system does not distinguish between pinyin luo (as in , ) and the rare syllable lo (as in , ); both are written ûþ.
The names of the cities of Beijing and Nanjing are transcribed as (instead of ) and (instead of ), much as Peking and Nanking were still used in English-speaking countries until recently. Hong Kong () may be both () and (Hong Kong); the latter is more common.
In Russian borrowings from Chinese (such as place names), the syllable () is generally transcribed as (Huizu, ) or occasionally (Anhui, ); this is because is a taboo word for "penis" in Russian and several other Slavic languages. Dictionaries, however, may contain the unaltered spelling; as is found in Palladius' own dictionary from 1888, and Oshanin's Great ChineseâÂÂRussian Dictionary.
Older documents contain variants üÃÂý â üÃÂý, üÃÂýàâ üÃÂýÃÂ, ÃÂÃÂý â ÃÂÃÂý, ÃÂÃÂýàâ ÃÂÃÂýÃÂ, ÿÃÂý â ÿÃÂý, hence Aomen (Macao) is traditionally spelled in Russian. Most modern texts contain ÃÂ, with some exceptions.
Prior to the reform of Russian orthography in 1918, the system differed in a few respects, as can be seen in Palladius's 1888 dictionary:
In composites, coda ng is transcribed ý' when the following syllable starts with a vowel. For example, the names of the cities of Chang'an and Hengyang are transcribed as çðý'ðýàand Ã¥õý'ÃÂý.
In syllables with no initial, w is transcribed as ò in all cases except wu, transcribed as ÃÂ. For example, the names of the cities of Wuwei and Wanning are transcribed as ãòõù and ÃÂðýÃÂýÃÂý.
This table establishes correspondence between the Ukrainian Palladius system together with the two Romanization systems most commonly used in English-speaking countries: Pinyin and WadeâÂÂGiles.
Cyrillization with the Ukrainian alphabet differs from the Russian as follows:
Cyrillization with the Belarusian alphabet differs from the Russian as follows:
The Serbian system is rather different from the Russian: for example, j, q, zh are transcribed as ÃÂ, ÃÂ, ÃÂ; the Serbian letters ÃÂ, ÃÂ, àappear where the Russian system uses ÃÂ, õ, ÃÂ, ù; final n and ng are ý and ýó.
Source:
W- and y- are transcribed as ò- and ÃÂ-.