Oum El Bouaghi or Oum el-Bouaghi () is a province (wilaya) of Algeria in the Aures region. The capital is Oum el-Bouaghi, which was named Can Robert (during French occupation). It was named Sidi R'Ghis a few years later, and Oum El Bouaghi before independence.
The province was created from Constantine (department) in 1974.
In 1984, Khenchela Province and Mila Province were carved out of its territory.
The province is divided into 12 districts (daïras), which are further divided into 29 communes or municipalities.