Ordensburg (plural Ordensburgen) is a German term meaning a "castle of a (military) order". It is used specifically for the fortified structures built by crusading German military orders during the Middle Ages.
Medieval Ordensburgen
Ordensburgen were originally constructed by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and later by the Teutonic Order to fortify territory in Prussia and Livonia captured from the native populations â Old Prussians, Lithuanians and native peoples of what is now Latvia and Estonia. Later, Ordensburgen were used to attack Lithuania.
Since they were built and used by religious military orders, the Ordensburgen often resembled monasteries. While they were considerably larger than those in the Holy Roman Empire, they were much scarcer in the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights.
While a normal castle in the Holy Roman Empire would control about 38 km<sup>2</sup>, a castle would control 370 km<sup>2</sup> in Prussia and 789 km<sup>2</sup> in Livonia, Courland and Estonia. The few small castles are considered to be of vassals, while the larger ones might have served as arsenals and strongholds during the Northern Crusades. They were purpose-built to colonize the respective countries and peoples by capturing and holding territory.
Most Ordensburgen were rectangular, even quadratic in form, built from red brick and lacking a Bergfried (a type of keep). Many castles had no towers at all, as the bailey (a mighty quadrangle) was considered sufficient for defence.
List of medieval Ordensburgen
- Adsel (Gaujiena, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a commandery
- Allenstein (Olsztyn, Poland)
- Alschwangen (Alsunga, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg
- Altona (Altene, Latvia)
- Angern (Angerja, Estonia) - vassal castle
- Angerburg (WÃÂgorzewo, Poland)
- Arensburg (Kuressaare, Estonia) - a bishop's castle
- Arrasch (ÃÂraiÃ
¡i, Latvia)
- Ascheraden (Aizkraukle, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a commandery
- Ass (Kiltsi, Estonia) - vassal castle
- Bäslack (BezÃ
Âawki, Poland)
- Balga (Balga, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
- Barten (Barciany, Poland)
- Bauske (Bauska, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a bailiff
- Bebern
- Berson (BÃÂrzaune, Latvia)
- Birgelau (BierzgÃ
Âowo, Poland)
- Borkholm (Porkuni, Estonia) - a bishop's castle
- Brandenburg on Frisches Haff (Ushakovo, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
- Burtneck (Burtnieki, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of lower officials
- Bütow (Bytów, Poland)
- Caymen (Zarechye, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
- Danzig (GdaÃ
Âsk, Poland)
- Dibau (Podgórz, Poland)
- Doblen (Dobele, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a commandery
- Domnau (Domnovo, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
- Dondangen (Dundaga, Latvia) - a bishop's castle
- Dorpat (Tartu, Estonia) - a bishop's castle
- Dünaburg (Daugavpils, Latvia) - a genuine order castle, seat of a commandery
- Dünamünde (Daugavgrëva, Latvia) - a genuine order castle, seat of a commandery
- Durben (Durbe, Latvia)
- Eckersburg (Okartowo, Poland)
- Edwahlen (ÃÂdole, Latvia) - a bishop's castle
- Engelsburg (Pokrzywno, Poland)
- Elbing (ElblÃÂ
g, Poland)
- Erlaa (ÃÂrgüi, Latvia)
- Ermes (ÃÂrãeme, Latvia)
- Falkenau (Kärkna, Estonia) - monastery
- Fellin (Viljandi, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a commandery
- Fickel (Vigala, Estonia) - vassal castle
- Georgenburg (Mayovka, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
- Goldingen (Kuldëga, Latvia)
- Gollub (Golub-DobrzyÃ
Â, Poland)
- Graudenz (GrudziÃÂ
dz, Poland)
- Grobin (GrobiÃ
Âa, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a bailiff
- GroÃÂ Roop (Lielstraupe, Latvia) - a bishop's castle
- Hapsal (Haapsalu, Estonia) - a bishop's castle
- Hasenpoth (Aizpute, Latvia)
- Heilsberg (Lidzbark WarmiÃ
Âski, Poland)
- Helmat (Helme, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg
- Hochrosen (Augstroze, Latvia)
- Hofzumberg (TÃÂrvete, Latvia)
- Holme (MÃÂrtiÃ
Âsala, Latvia)
- Insterburg (Chernyakhovsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
- Jaschnitz (Nowy Jasiniec, Poland)
- Johannisburg (Pisz, Poland)
- Kalzenau (Kalsnava, Latvia)
- Kandau (Kandava, Latvia)
- Karkus (Karksi, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a bailiff
- Kirrumpäh (Kirumpää, Estonia) - a bishop's castle
- Königsberg (Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order
- Kokenhusen (Koknese, Latvia) - a bishop's castle
- Kremon (Krimulda, Latvia) - a bishop's castle
- Kyda (Kiiu, Estonia) - vassal castle
- Labiau (Polessk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
- Lais (Laiuse, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg
- Lamgraben (Grabno, Poland)
- Leal (Lihula, Estonia) - built and held jointly by order and bishop
- Lemsal (LimbaÃ
¾i, Latvia)
- Leipe (Lipienek, Poland)
- Lennewarden (LielvÃÂrde, Latvia) - a bishop's castle
- Lochstädt (Baltiysk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
- Loxten (Lokstene, Latvia)
- Ludsen (Ludza, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg
- Lyck (EÃ
Âk, Poland)
- Marienburg (AlÃ
«ksne, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a commandery
- Marienburg (Malbork, Poland) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of the grand master
- Marienwerder (Kwidzyn, Poland)
- Mehlsack (PieniÃÂÃ
¼no, Poland)
- Memel (KlaipÃÂda, Lithuania) - a genuine Ordensburg
- Mewe (Gniew, Poland)
- Mohrungen (MorÃÂ
g, Poland)
- Mojahn (MujÃÂni, Latvia)
- Narwa (Narva, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a bailiff
- Neidenburg (Nidzica, Poland)
- Nessau (Nieszawa, Poland)
- Neuenburg (Jaunpils, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg
- Neuermühlen (ÃÂdaÃ
¾i, Latvia)
- Neuhausen (Guryevsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
- Neuhausen (Valtai÷i, Latvia)
- Neuhausen (Vastseliina, Estonia) - a bishop's castle
- Neu Kirchholm (Salaspils, Latvia)
- NeuschloÃÂ (Vasknarva, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a bailiff
- Oberpahlen (Põltsamaa, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of bailiff
- Odenpäh (Otepää, Estonia) - a bishop's castle
- Ortelsburg (Szczytno, Poland)
- Ossiek (Osiek, Poland)
- Osterode (Ostróda, Poland)
- Padis (Padise, Estonia) - monastery
- Papau (Papowo Biskupie, Poland)
- Pernau (Pärnu, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a bailiff
- Peude (Pöide, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a bailiff
- Pilten (Piltene, Latvia)
- Pöddes (Kalvi, Estonia) - vassal castle
- PreuÃÂisch Holland (PasÃ
ÂÃÂk, Poland)
- PreuÃÂisch Mark (Przezmark, Poland)
- Ragnit (Neman, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
- Rastenburg (KÃÂtrzyn, Poland)
- Reval (Tallinn, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a commandery
- Rheden (RadzyÃ
 CheÃ
ÂmiÃ
Âski, Poland)
- Rhein (Ryn, Poland)
- Riesenburg (Prabuty, Poland)
- Riga (Riga, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of the master of the Livonian Order
- Rössel (Reszel, Poland)
- Rodenpois (RopaÃ
¾i, Latvia)
- Roggenhausen (RogóÃ
ºno-Zamek, Poland)
- Ronneburg (Rauna, Latvia) - a bishop's castle
- Rosenberck (Susz, Poland)
- Rositten (RÃÂzekne, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a bailiff
- Rujen (RÃ
«jiena, Latvia)
- Saalau (Ã
»uÃ
Âawa, Poland)
- Salis (Salacgrëva, Latvia) - a bishop's castle
- Schaaken (Nekrasovo, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
- Schlochau (CzÃ
Âuchów, Poland)
- Schönberg (Skaistkalne, Latvia)
- Schönsee (Kowalewo Pomorskie, Poland)
- Schwanenburg (Gulbene, Latvia)
- Schwetz (Ã
Âwiecie, Poland)
- Seehesten (Szestno, Poland)
- Segewold (Sigulda, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of the
- Selburg (near modern VecsÃÂlpils, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a bailiff
- Sesswangen (Cesvaine, Latvia)
- Smilten (Smiltene, Latvia)
- Soldau (DziaÃ
Âdowo, Poland)
- Sonnenburg (Maasi, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a bailiff
- Strasburg (Brodnica, Poland)
- Stuhm (Sztum, Poland)
- Tapiau (Gvardeysk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
- Taplaken (Talpaki, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
- Tarwast (Tarvastu, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg
- Terweten (TÃÂrvete, Latvia)
- Tolsburg (Toolse, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a bailiff
- Thorn (ToruÃ
Â, Poland) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a commandery
- Treyden (Turaida, Latvia) - a bishop's castle
- Trikaten (TrikÃÂta, Latvia)
- Tuchel (Tuchola, Poland)
- Tuckum (Tukums, Latvia)
- Türpsal (Järve, Estonia) - vassal castle
- Uexküll (IkÃ
¡Ã·ile, Latvia)
- Villack (Viüaka, Latvia) - a bishop's castle
- Wack (Vao, Estonia) - vassal castle
- Waldau (Nizovye, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
- Warbeck (Uue-Kastre, Estonia) - a bishop's castle
- WeiÃÂenstein (Paide, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a bailiff
- Welsas (WieldzÃÂ
dz, Poland)
- Wenden (CÃÂsis, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of the Landmeister in Livland
- Werder (Virtsu, Estonia) - vassal castle
- Wesenberg (Rakvere, Estonia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a bailiff
- Windau (Ventspils, Latvia) - a genuine Ordensburg, seat of a commander
- Wolkenburg (Volkenberga, Latvia)
- Wolmar (Valmiera, Latvia)
- Zlotterie (ZÃ
Âotoria, Poland)
See also
References