Olio Township is located in Woodford County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 4,931 and it contained 1,879 housing units.
The largest named community in Olio Township is the city of Eureka, the Woodford County seat.
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 99.87%) is land and (or 0.10%) is water.