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October 1924

The following events occurred in October 1924:

October 1, 1924 (Wednesday)

October 2, 1924 (Thursday)

  • The Geneva Protocol for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes received preliminary approval at the League of Nations. The agreement required formal approval to be given by all governments concerned, and was understood to have little meaning until the conclusion of the world disarmament conference was concluded the next year. The Protocol included a very controversial piece of wording added at the insistence of Japan, which allowed for the restriction of immigration to become a matter of international jurisdiction if it endangered the peace.
  • Cesáreo Onzari of the Argentina national football team scored the first goal from a corner kick in international play after the rules of soccer football had been amended on June 14 by the International Football Association Board. The first goal in a professional league game had come on August 23. Onzari's goal came against Uruguay, which had recently won the 1924 Olympic title. For this reason the direct goal from a corner kick is called an Olympic goal or gol olímpico in Latin America.
  • Baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis said the World Series would go forward despite the bribery scandal. "Inside of four days after the attempted bribery of Sand of the Phillies had occurred, the guilty persons had been placed on baseball's ineligible list. Surely our speedy action in the matter must indicate that the game is being kept clean", he said.
  • Died: William B. Ross, 50, Governor of Wyoming since 1923, died of complications from an appendectomy he had undergone one week earlier. He was temporarily succeeded by Secretary of State Frank Lucas pending a special election Governor Ross's widow, Nellie Tayloe Ross, ran in the election and won the governorship.

October 3, 1924 (Friday)

  • Britain's Evening Standard blasted the Geneva Protocol and called on Australia, Canada and New Zealand to quit the League of Nations over it, pointing out that if Australia refused to submit to Japan's demand that it alter its immigration policy, the British fleet might be called upon to impose a naval blockade in the name of the League.
  • A conference in London between the United Kingdom and Egypt on the issue of Egyptian independence ended without success.
  • A feud erupted between major league baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis and American League president Ban Johnson. Johnson told the media that he would pursue an independent investigation of the circumstances under which the New York Giants won the pennant, and that they should be forbidden from playing in the World Series. Johnson called Landis a "wild-eyed, crazy nut" who was "protecting the crooks" by failing to investigate the scandal more thoroughly.
  • Born:
  • Harvey Kurtzman, American cartoonist and writer known for being the original editor of Mad magazine; in Brooklyn (d. 1993)
  • Betty Lee Sung, Asian American rights activist; in Baltimore (d. 2023)

October 4, 1924 (Saturday)

October 5, 1924 (Sunday)

October 6, 1924 (Monday)

October 7, 1924 (Tuesday)

October 8, 1924 (Wednesday)

October 9, 1924 (Thursday)

  • In the UK, King George V dissolved parliament at the request of Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, and scheduled new elections for the House of Commons for October 29.
  • Soldier Field, a stadium with 60,000 seats, was dedicated in Chicago, as Grant Park Stadium. The stadium, which would become home to the NFL's Chicago Bears, would be renamed Soldier Field on Veterans Day in 1925.
  • Born:
  • Navvab Safavi (alias for Sayyid Mojtaba Mir-Lohi), Iranian Shia cleric and founder of the Fadayan-e Islam, known for ordering the assassinations of three Iranian Prime Ministers, two of them successfully; in Ghaniabad, Tehran (executed 1956)
  • USAF Major General Robert A. Rushworth, American test pilot who was the most frequent operator of the North American X-15 experimental spaceplane for the Air Force and for NASA; in Madison, Maine (d. 1993)
  • Melvyn R. Paisley, U.S. Department of the Navy assistant secretary from 1981 to 1987, later convicted of accepting bribes while in office; in Portland, Oregon (d. 2001)
  • Died: Jake Daubert, 40, American baseball player, 1913 National League Most Valuable Player, died of surgical complications from an appendectomy after avoiding surgery in order to play in the Cincinnati Reds' final home game.

October 10, 1924 (Friday)

October 11, 1924 (Saturday)

  • The H. J. Heinz Company celebrated its fifty-fifth birthday with banquets in different American cities. President Calvin Coolidge used the occasion to make a radio address from the White House about business that was carried in 70 cities.
  • Baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis made his first public response to Ban Johnson's criticisms of his handling of the recent bribery scandal, saying, "Answer Johnson? I don't have to... it has been done by the President of the United States." Calvin Coolidge, who attended three of the games played in Washington, said that "The contests which I witnessed maintained throughout a high degree of skill and every evidence of a high class of sportsmanship that will bring to every observer an increased respect for and confidence in our national game."
  • Born:
  • Mal Whitfield, American athlete, 1948 and 1952 Olympic gold medalist in the 800m race; in Bay City, Texas (d. 2015)
  • John Sheardown, Canadian diplomat assigned to the Embassy in Iran, known for sheltering several American Embassy workers who had escaped capture during the Iran hostage crisis; in Sandwich, Ontario (d. 2012)
  • Died:
  • Richard Morris, 62, American opera singer and stage and silent film actor
  • Sydney E. Mudd, 39, U.S. Congressman for Maryland since 1915, died two days after being hospitalized for of an intestinal obstruction. Mudd had been campaigning for re-election when he became ill.

October 12, 1924 (Sunday)

October 13, 1924 (Monday)

October 14, 1924 (Tuesday)

October 15, 1924 (Wednesday)

October 16, 1924 (Thursday)

  • In Germany, Adolf Hitler, incarcerated for organizing the 1923 attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic government, had a statement printed admitting that he was born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire rather than in Germany. Hitler, who was facing deportation back to Austria, argued that he had lost his Austrian citizenship after volunteering to serve in the German Army during World War I and said that "I never felt as an Austrian citizen but always as a German only... It was this mentality that made me draw the ultimate conclusion and do military service in the German Army. Hitler would not renounce his Austrian citizenship until April 7, 1925, and would not become a citizen of Germany until 1932 upon his appointment as a state government official.
  • The blues standard "See See Rider" was first recorded, by Ma Rainey.
  • Born: Gerard Parkes, Irish-born Canadian TV and film actor; in Dublin (d. 2014)
  • Died: Paul-Louis Delance, 76, French painter

October 17, 1924 (Friday)

October 18, 1924 (Saturday)

  • The first "round-the-world" wireless radio communication took place between locations in New Zealand and the United Kingdom as favorable atmospheric conditions permitted amateur ham radio operators to hear each other over a distance of more than . Amateurs in both countries heard signals the night before. Transmitting on the 80-metre short wave band from New Zealand, at Waiheua near Dunedin, New Zealand, telegraphed the message, in Morse code, "Z4AA calling. Pass the following to Radio Society of Great Britain. Greetings from New Zealand. Z4AA calling. Pass following to G2OD. Your signals strong last night." Mr. E. J. Simmonds of Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire in England, operator of G2OD, acknowledged the call from Z4AA and asked for confirmation by cable. A little more than five hours later, he was handed a message from Dell that said, "Congratulations on first trans-world message. Dell. Waiheua, Dunedin, New Zealand." Later in the day, Cecil W. Goyder of Hendon, near London exchanged messages with Mr. Bell "for over an hour."
  • In one of the most anticipated games of the 1924 college football season, played before 60,000 at the Polo Grounds stadium in New York City, Notre Dame defeated Army, 13 to 7.
  • Police in Berlin put on a media display of all the evidence they had uncovered of a "false passport factory" that communist agents used to operate in the United States and other countries under false identities.
  • U.S. President Coolidge had authorized the "President's Cup" to be awarded to the winner of the Army–Navy Game.
  • Born:
  • Allyn Ferguson, American film score and TV theme music composer; in San Jose, California (d. 2010)
  • Arthur J. Jackson, U.S. Marine who received the Medal of Honor for his heroism in the Battle of Peleliu; in Cleveland (d. 2017)
  • Died: Giovanni Ancillotto, 27, Italian World War I flying ace with 11 confirmed victories, was killed in an auto accident in Italy near the town of Caravaggio, Lombardy.

October 19, 1924 (Sunday)

October 20, 1924 (Monday)

October 21, 1924 (Tuesday)

October 22, 1924 (Wednesday)

October 23, 1924 (Thursday)

  • General Feng Yuxiang, leading the 11th Division of the Chinese Army, carried out the Beijing Coup, arriving in China's capital and taking the city unopposed and overthrowing President Cao Kun. Feng's troops halted all railway traffic and cut telephone and telegraph communications, then set up a temporary dictatorship. After issuing emergency decrees, Feng installed Huang Fu as the new Chinese president.
  • Voters in the Canadian province of Ontario rejected a proposal to end the prohibition of sales of liquor. By a margin of 51.5% to 48.5%, chose to continue the Ontario Temperance Act.
  • Born: Arthur Brittenden, British newspaper editor who built the London tabloid The Sun into the nation's bestselling newspaper; in Leeds (d. 2015)

October 24, 1924 (Friday)

October 25, 1924 (Saturday)

  • The Zinoviev letter, a forgery received by the British Foreign Secretary and leaked by the British intelligence agency MI6, was published on the front page of the Daily Mail tabloid in London, four days before the general election, and would become a major influence in the defeat of the Labour and Liberal parties in October 29 voting. The Daily Mail article commented that "The 'very secret' letter of instruction from Moscow discloses a great Bolshevist plot to paralyse the British Army and Navy and to plunge the country into civil war. The letter is addressed by the Bolshevists in Moscow to the Soviet Government's servants in Great Britain, the Communist Party, who in turn are the masters of Mr. Ramsay MacDonald's Government, which has signed a treaty with Moscow whereby the Soviet is to be guaranteed a 'loan' of millions of British money," and added, "A Copy of the document came into possession of 'The Daily Mail' and we felt it our duty to make it public, and we printed and sent copies to other London morning newspapers yesterday afternoon." The letter became the leading story in every British newspaper. Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald sent out instructions to all Labour Party candidates to drop their support for the Anglo-Soviet trade agreement, and the Communist Party of Great Britain issued a statement in which it denied ever receiving the letter and declared it a forgery, but the damage done by the letter returned the Conservative Party to power.
  • The world's leading air conditioner brand, Daikin Industries, was founded in Osaka, Japan (as name of predecessors for Osaka Metal Industry).
  • Indian nationalist Subhas Chandra Bose was arrested on trumped-up charges of plotting to overthrow the government.
  • "Trunko", a cryptozoological unknown sea creature (a "cryptid"), was reportedly sighted at Margate, South Africa. Based on photographs of its globster it is now believed to have been a whale carcass. The Daily Mail of London would break the story on December 27, 1924, with the headline "Fish Like A Polar Bear".

October 26, 1924 (Sunday)

  • Poor ventilation in a chemical processing plant caused a mass accident in Elizabeth, New Jersey that injured 40 employees of the Bayway Refinery of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, where leaded gasoline (called "ethyl" by the Standard Oil dealers) was produced using the additive tetraethyllead (TEL). Ernest Oelgart became the first fatality after becoming paranoid following inhalation of fumes, and died later in the day. By the end of the week, 10 more workers were dead at Standard Oil plants.
  • The Soviet Union denied the authenticity of the Zinoviev letter (which purported to be a directive to British Communists to overthrow the government) and demanded an apology from Britain.

October 27, 1924 (Monday)

October 28, 1924 (Tuesday)

October 29, 1924 (Wednesday)

October 30, 1924 (Thursday)

October 31, 1924 (Friday)

References