Neoechinorhynchidae is a family of parasitic worms from the order Neoechinorhynchida.
Neoechinorhynchidae contains 4 subfamilies: Atactorhynchinae <small>Petrochenko, 1956</small>, Eocollinae <small>Petrochenko, 1956</small>, Gracilisentinae <small>Petrochenko, 1956</small>, Neoechinorhynchinae <small>Ward, 1917</small>.
The genus Mayarhynchus <small>Pinacho-Pinacho, Hernández-Orts, Sereno-Uribe, Pérez-Ponce de León & GarcÃÂa-Varela, 2017</small> is different from the other 17 genera in Neoechinorhynchidae by having a small proboscis. It has nine longitudinal rows of five hooks each, totaling 45 to 46 relatively weak rooted hooks. It contains only one species: Mayarhynchus karlae <small>Pinacho-Pinacho, Hernández-Orts, Sereno-Uribe, Pérez-Ponce de León & GarcÃÂa-Varela, 2017</small>.
Atactorhynchus <small>Chandler, 1935</small> has two species:
A. duranguensis has been found in the intestine of the Mezquital pupfish (Cyprinodon meeki) a fish from in-land Mexico. Diagnostic features include: body small, stout, ventrally curved; small cylindrical proboscis armed with 16 alternating vertical rows of four or five hooks; anterior two or three hooks conspicuous, stout and larger than other hooks, and have large, rod-shaped roots with a markedly and abruptly enlarged base; three posterior hooks of each row are smaller and rootless; single-walled proboscis receptacle; lemnisci equal in length, elongate and robust; and cement gland syncytial, larger than testis. The new species is smaller than A. verecundus with smaller hook lengths and slightly smaller proboscis. A. duranguensis is also shaped differently: it has a proboscis shape that is not widest at the apex, and the greatest width of the trunk is in about the middle contrasting A. verecundus where the trunk is widest posteriorly, and the proportion of large apical proboscis hooks in relation to the small basal hooks is different: the basal hooks of A. verecundus are about half the size of the anterior hooks and but only about a quarter of the size in A. duranguensis. Unlike A. verecundus, the base of the roots are markedly and abruptly enlarged in the new species. Finally, the eggs of the new species are smaller (23-27 x 8-10 um) than those of A. verecundus (27-30 x 12-13 um).
Eocollis <small>Van Cleve, 1947</small> has three species:
Gracilisentis <small>Van Cleave, 1919</small> contains 4 species:
Pandosentis <small>Van Cleve, 1920</small> has two species:
Wolffhugelia <small>Mane-Garzon and Dei-Cas, 1974</small> has one species:
Dispiron <small>Bilqees, 1970</small> contains three species:
Gorytocephalus <small>Nickol and Thatcher, 1971</small> contains four species:
Microsentis <small>Martin and Multani, 1966</small> contains 1 species:
Neoechinorhynchus <small>Stiles and Hassall, 1905</small> has two subgenera, Hebesoma and Neoechinorhynchus, with many species.
Octospinifer <small>Van Cleave, 1919</small> has four species:
Octospiniferoides <small>Bullock, 1957</small> has three species:
Paraechinorhynchus <small>Bilqees and Khan, 1983</small> has one species:
Paulisentis <small>Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949</small> has two species:
Zeylanechinorhynchus <small>Fernando and Furtado, 1963</small> contains only one species:
Neoechinorhynchidae species parasitize fish.