The Natolinians, or the Natolinian faction (), were a grouping within the leadership of the communist Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). Formed around 1956, shortly after the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, it was named after the palace where its meetings were held, in Warsaw's Natolin district.
The main opposition to the Natolinians were the reformist Puà Âawians, who included many PZPR members of Jewish extraction.
The Natolinians opposed the post-Stalinist liberalization program (the Polish October "thaw") and, as part of their strategy to seek power, voiced simplistic nationalist and pro-Soviet slogans. The best-known Natolinians included Franciszek JÃ³à ºwiak, , Zenon Nowak, Aleksander Zawadzki, Franciszek Mazur, , Kazimierz Mijal, Wà Âadysà Âaw Dworakowski, and Hilary Cheà Âchowski. The Natolinian faction was also supported by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev because of their pro-Soviet stance.
After the 8th Plenum of the Central Committee of the PZPR, in October 1956, the Natolinians suffered a major setback when the First Secretary of the PZPR, Wà Âadysà Âaw Gomuà Âka, chose to back (and be backed by) the Puà Âawians.
Both factions, the Natolinians and the Puà Âawians, disappeared from the political scene in the late 1950s.
Witold Jedlicki described the struggle between the Natolinians and the Puà Âawians in his booklet, Simpletons and Yids (Chamy i à »ydy).