In Spain there is an extensive system of railways. The majority of these railways were historically operated by FEVE, (Ferrocarriles de VÃÂa Estrecha, narrow-gauge railways). Created in 1965, FEVE started absorbing numerous privately-owned narrow-gauge railways. From 1978 onwards, with the introduction of regionalisation devolution under the new Spanish constitution, FEVE began transferring responsibility for a number of its operations to the new regional governments, and was dissolved on 31 December 2012, handing the remaining narrow-gauge services to the other national operator Renfe.
In 2023 transport officials in RENFE in Spain resigned when it was found that narrow-gauge passenger rolling-stock ordered in 2020 for the northern regions of Asturias and Cantabria would be too wide for the tunnels and were to be redesigned with delays of a year or two in delivery. This error stemmed from the loss of knowledge from the dissolution of FEVE, since Renfe did not integrate FEVE into its structure, rather keeping it as a separate subdivision called Renfe Feve. Following the oversized trains scandal, most Renfe Feve services were integrated into Renfe, with some left as of 2025.
In the north of the country, operated by Renfe and EuskoTren (Eusko Trenbideak, Basque Railways), is the longest narrow-gauge network in Europe. Its mainline is a metre-gauge line which runs for along the entire length of Spain's north coast, from Ferrol to Hendaye, and another one in the northern mountains from Aranguren to León.
Renfe operates the railway except from the Bilbao-Hendaye side. They offer regional trains between the capitals, as well as commuter rail services around them, and a tram-train in León.
EuskoTren is the Basque regional government rail company, which operates the line from Bilbao to Hendaye and metric-gauge trams and metro, started in 1995.
Barcelona
Gelida
Girona
Montserrat
Northern Catalonia
Castellón