Nadezhda Petrovna Dyrenkova (; 31 May 1899 - 28 October 1941) was a Soviet ethnographer, Turkic linguist, and folklorist.
Dyrenkova was born on 31 May 1899 in the village Sosninka in Novgorod guberniya to a family of lumberjacks.
Dyrenkova died at her desk during the Siege of Leningrad in 1941. She had been ill from a severe sunburn contracted during fieldwork in 1932, and also contracted pneumonia shortly before her death.
Nicholas Poppe included Dyrenkova on a list of 29 outstanding Turkologists.