Nebraska's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Nebraska that encompasses most of its eastern quarter, except for Omaha and some of its suburbs, which are part of the 2nd congressional district. It includes the state capital Lincoln, as well as the cities of Bellevue, Fremont, and Norfolk. Following the 2010 United States census, the 1st congressional district was changed to include an eastern section of Sarpy County; Dakota County was moved to the 3rd congressional district. Following the 2020 United States Census, the 1st congressional district was changed to include the eastern section of Sarpy County the 10 entire counties of Cass, Lancaster, Seward, Butler, Dodge, Colfax, Platte, Cuming, Stanton, Madison, and the northeast quarter of Polk County to include the city of Osceola.
Under the lines of redistricting following the 2010 census, the Cook Partisan Voting Index (CPVI) for the 1st congressional district was R+11. However, in 2025, the CPVI adjusted the district's rating to R+6, as a result of redistricting.
Nebraska's 1st district includes the entirety of the following counties with the exception of Sarpy, which it shares with the 2nd, and Polk, which it shares with the 3rd. Sarpy County communities within the 1st district include Bellevue, Chalco, La Platte, La Vista, Offutt AFB, and most of Papillion. Polk County communities include Osceola and Shelby.