The Municipal Act, 2001 () of the Canadian province of Ontario is the main statute governing the creation, administration and government of municipalities in Ontario, other than the City of Toronto. After being passed in 2001, it came into force on 1 January 2003, replacing the previous Municipal Act. It has since been amended. Previous versions of the Municipal Act date back to the 19th century.
This act and others before as Municipal (Corporation) Act are linked back to Baldwin Act, 1849 of Upper Canada, which replaced the ineffective District Council Act by the establishment of responsible (elected) government.
There are complex rules as to which municipalities have authority to act on any given subject, which are summarized as follows in Section 11: