"Mourning and Melancholia" () is a 1917 work of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis.
In this essay, Freud argues that mourning and melancholia are similar but different responses to . In mourning, a person deals with the grief of losing a specific love object, and this process takes place in the conscious mind. In melancholia, a person grieves for a loss they are unable to fully comprehend or identify, and thus this process takes place in the unconscious mind. Mourning is considered a healthy and natural process of grieving a loss, while melancholia is considered pathological.
It has been argued by some writers that Freud's description of mourning in this work is not compatible with current models of mourning.