Morton Township is located in Tazewell County, Illinois, at T25N R3W. It is traversed by Interstate Routes 74 and 155, about 15 km (10 mi) southeast of Peoria, Illinois.
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 99.83%) is land and (or 0.14%) is water.
In 2026 population was 17,867 and it contained 7,663 housing units.