Mohammad Eslami (; born 23 September 1956) is an Iranian politician serving as Vice President for Nuclear Affairs and head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. He was appointed to the position under President Ebrahim Raisi and was reappointed in 2024 by President Masoud Pezeshkian. He previously served in the government of President Hassan Rouhani as Minister of Roads and Urban development and Governor of Mazandaran province.
In 2008, the United Nations sanctioned Eslami, then head of Iran's Defense Industries Training and Research Institute, for involvement in Iran's nuclear program and the development of nuclear weapon delivery systems.