Modulus is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Modulidae.
Characteristics
(Described as Pseudotrochus) The shell is turbinate and umbilicate, bearing a general resemblance to members of the family Turbinidae or allied groups. However, it differs significantly in the siphonate nature of its aperture. The aperture is round, with the outer lip continuous except at the base, which is truncated by a sharply and obliquely deflected short siphonal canal.
Species
Species within the genus Modulus include:
- Modulus ambiguus <small>Dautzenberg, 1910</small>
- Modulus bayeri <small>Petuch, 2001</small>
- Modulus bermontianus <small>Petuch, 1994</small>
- Modulus cerodes <small>A. Adams, 1851</small>
- Modulus danielsi <small>Petuch & Berschauer, 2023</small>
- Modulus disculus <small>(Philippi, 1846)</small>
- Modulus floridanus <small>Conrad, 1869</small>
- Modulus guernei <small>Dautzenberg, 1900</small>
- Modulus hennequini <small>Petuch, 2013</small>
- Modulus honkerorum <small>Petuch, 2013</small>
- Modulus hunahpu <small>Petuch & Berschauer, 2023</small>
- Modulus kaicherae <small>Petuch, 1987</small>
- Modulus modulus (<small>Linnaeus, 1758)</small> - the type species, known as the "button snail"
- Modulus nodosus <small>Macsotay & Campos, 2001</small>
- Modulus pacei <small>Petuch, 1987</small>
- Modulus turbinoides <small>(Locard, 1897)</small>
Taxa inquirenda:
- Modulus duplicatus <small>A. Adams, 1851</small>
- Modulus morleti <small>P. Fischer, 1882</small>
- Modulus obliquus <small>A. Adams, 1851</small>
- Modulus obtusatus <small>(Philippi, 1847)</small>
Species brought into synonymy:
- Modulus calusa <small>Petuch, 1988</small>: synonym of Trochomodulus calusa <small>(Petuch, 1988)</small> (original combination)
- Modulus canaliculatus <small>Mörch, 1876</small>: synonym of Modulus modulus <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Modulus candidus <small>Petit de la Saussaye, 1853</small>: synonym of Indomodulus tectum <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
- Modulus carchedonius <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>: synonym of Trochomodulus carchedonius <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>
- Modulus catenulatus <small>(Philippi, 1849)</small>: synonym of Trochomodulus catenulatus <small>(Philippi, 1849)</small>
- Modulus cidaris <small>Reeve, 1848</small>: synonym of Modulus tectum <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>: synonym of Indomodulus tectum <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
- Modulus convexior <small>Mörch, 1876</small>: synonym of Modulus modulus <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Modulus dorsuosus <small>Gould, 1853</small>: synonym of Modulus disculus <small>(Philippi, 1846)</small>
- Modulus krebsii <small>Mörch, 1876</small>: synonym of Modulus modulus <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Modulus lenticularis <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>: synonym of Modulus modulus <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Modulus lindae <small>Petuch, 1987</small>: synonym of Conomodulus lindae <small>(Petuch, 1987)</small> (superseded combination)
- Modulus obliquatus [sic]: synonym of Modulus obliquus <small>A. Adams, 1851</small> (misspelling - incorrect original spelling)
- Modulus perlatus <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>: synonym of Modulus modulus <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Modulus pisum <small>Mörch, 1876</small>: synonym of Modulus modulus <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Modulus tectum <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>: synonym of Indomodulus tectum <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
- Modulus trochiformis <small>Souleyet, 1852</small>: synonym of Trochomodulus catenulatus <small>(Philippi, 1849)</small>
- Modulus unidens <small>(A. d'Orbigny, 1842)</small>: synonym of Modulus modulus <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> (junior subjective synonym)
References
- Landau B., Vermeij G. K. & Reich S. (2014). Classification of the Modulidae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea), with new genera and new fossil species from the Neogene of tropical America and Indonesia. Basteria. 78(1-3): 1-29
External links