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Ministry of Justice (pre-modern Japan)

The was a division of the eighth century Japanese government of the Imperial Court in Kyoto, instituted in the Asuka period and formalized during the Heian period. The Ministry was replaced in the Meiji period.

Overview

The nature of the ministry was modified in response to changing times. The ambit of the Gyōbu-shō activities encompassed, for example:

  • administration and conduct of trials
  • oversight of the determination of the severity of punishments
  • regulation of the imposition of fines, imprisonments, and penal servitude

History

The duties, responsibilities and focus of the ministry evolved over time. The ritsuryō system of laws were interpreted and applied by bureaucracies which distinguished punishment (gyōbushō) and censorship (danjodai). These were merged in 1871 when the was established under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.

Hierarchy

The Ministry of Justice brought together a judiciary and penal system management.

The top ritsuryō officials within this ministry structure were:

  • , two positions
  • . There are three classes of officials under the control of the chief judge

See also

Notes

References