The Ministry of Education and Training (MOET, ) is the government ministry responsible for the governance of general/academic education and higher education (training) in Vietnam.
The Confucian education system of the Vietnamese feudal state from the 11th century passed through periods: Lý, Trần, Há»Â, Later Lê, Tây Sán, and Nguyá» n. The introduction of Western elements in Vietnamese education began with the missionary efforts of Western priests during the Trá»Ânh â Nguyá» n conflict. The emergence and use of chữ Quá»Âc ngữ based on the Latin alphabet in schools from 1919 signaled the end of the Confucian education, replaced by the education system of French colonialism.
During the 19th and 20th centuries, the patriotic Duy Tân education movement, led by Phan Bá»Âi Châu, Lðáng VÃÂn Can, and Nguyá» n Quyá»Ân, initiated a practical approach to education. This movement promoted the use of chữ Quá»Âc ngữ alphabet in teaching and learning, engaged with natural sciences and engineering, and abandoned the traditional scholarly and examination systems of Confucianism.
After the August Revolution, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was created. The Ministry of National Education was established in the new administration, with Và © ÃÂình Hòe serving as the first minister. On March 2, 1946, during the first session of the First National Assembly, the ministry was renamed to the Ministry of Education. ÃÂặng Thai Mai was appointed Minister of Education, succeeding Và © ÃÂình Hòe, who was appointed Minister of Justice. The government issued directives creating the Literacy Campaign Department to fight illiteracy. Along with combatting illiteracy, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam administration implemented reforms that formed the framework for the national education system.
In November 1946, during the second session of the First National Assembly, Nguyá» n VÃÂn Huyên was appointed Minister of National Education. The Ministry of National Education consisted of the Office of the Ministry and departments such as Higher Education, Secondary Education, Primary Education, and the Literacy Campaign Department. During the nationwide resistance war, the Ministry evacuated and relocated its offices from the capital to rural areas, moving from HàÃÂông, Phú Thá» to Tuyên Quang and the Safe Zone. In 1950, the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the government decided to implement educational reform. This reform established a 9-year general education system and a new curriculum. This period saw the establishment of the Vietnam Education Union (July 1951).
During the First Indochina War, the education system, from general to higher education, was maintained and transformed. Schools from general education to universities all taught in Vietnamese.
The Ministry maintains provincial-level departments (DoETs, Departments of E&T), under which there are also district offices (BoETs, Bureau of E&T), and central departments. Central departments of note include:
Colleges and universities under the maintenance of the Ministry of Education and Training include: