Michael Rapoport (born 2 October 1948) is an Austrian mathematician.
Rapoport received his PhD from Paris-Sud 11 University in 1976, under the supervision of Pierre Deligne. He held a chair for arithmetic algebraic geometry at the University of Bonn, as well as a visiting appointment at the University of Maryland. In 1992, he was awarded the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, in 1999 he won the Gay-Lussac Humboldt Prize, and he is the recipient of the 2011 Heinz Hopf Prize. In 1994, he was an Invited Speaker (with talk Non-Archimedean period domains) at the ICM in Zürich.
Rapoport's students include Maria Heep-Altiner, Werner Baer, Peter Scholze, Eva Viehmann.
Michael Rapoport is the son of pediatrician Ingeborg Rapoport and biochemist Samuel Mitja Rapoport, and brother of biochemist Tom Rapoport.