Memory cells are found in the primary motor cortex (M1), a region located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe of the brain. Their behavior is described by Bizzi et al. as:
- In a baseline epoch (no force field on the end effector), they have one preferred direction
- In a force perturbation epoch, they show a change in the preferred direction
- In a subsequent washout epoch (no force field on the end effector), the change in preferred direction persists.
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