Melanorivulus

Melanorivulus is a genus of South American freshwater fish in the family Rivulidae. Most species are endemic to the RÃÂo de la Plata, eastern Amazon (west to TapajÃÂ³s basin), TocantinsÃ¢ÂÂAraguaia and SÃÂ£o Francisco basins in Brazil, but a few members of this genus range west into Bolivia, south into Paraguay and Argentina, and east to ParnaÃÂba and Sergipe in northeastern Brazil. Only M. schuncki occurs north of the Amazon River. They inhabit shallow waters, generally deep, at the margins of streams in open or fairly open habitats like the Cerrado or CerradoÃ¢ÂÂAmazon transition. Many have tiny ranges and are seriously threatened.

Similar to closely related genera such as Anablepsoides, Atlantirivulus, Cynodonichthys and Laimosemion, Melanorivulus are jumpers and non-annual killifish.

Melanorivulus are small fish, with the largest species up in total length and the smallest less than . They are often quite colorful and some are kept in aquariums.

Species

Until 2011, Melanorivulus were included in Rivulus, and some prefer to maintain them in that genus.

If recognized as a valid genus, there are currently 60 species in Melanorivulus:

Melanorivulus apiamici (W. J. E. M. Costa, 1989)
Melanorivulus atlanticus W. J. E. M. Costa, BraganÃÂ§a & Ottoni, 2015
Melanorivulus bororo (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008)
Melanorivulus britzkei Nielsen, 2017
Melanorivulus canesi Nielsen, 2017
Melanorivulus crixas (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2007)
Melanorivulus cyanopterus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2005)
Melanorivulus dapazi (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2005)
Melanorivulus decoratus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 1989)
Melanorivulus egens (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2005)
Melanorivulus faucireticulatus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008)
Melanorivulus flavipinnis W. J. E. M. Costa, 2017
Melanorivulus formosensis (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008)
Melanorivulus giarettai (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008)
Melanorivulus ignescens W. J. E. M. Costa, 2017
Melanorivulus illuminatus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2007)
Melanorivulus imperatrizensis D. T. B. Nielsen & C. S. Pinto, 2015
Melanorivulus jalapensis (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2010)
Melanorivulus javahe (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2007)
Melanorivulus karaja (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2007)
Melanorivulus kayabi (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008)
Melanorivulus kayapo (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2006)
Melanorivulus kunzei W. J. E. M. Costa, 2012
Melanorivulus leali W. J. E. M. Costa, 2013
Melanorivulus linearis W. J. E. M. Costa, 2018
Melanorivulus litteratus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2005)
Melanorivulus megaroni (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2010)
Melanorivulus melanopterus Nielsen & Ohara, 2024
Melanorivulus modestus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 1991)
Melanorivulus nigromarginatus W. J. E. M. Costa, 2018
Melanorivulus paracatuensis (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2003)
Melanorivulus paresi (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008)
Melanorivulus parnaibensis (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2003)
Melanorivulus petrisecundi W. J. E. M. Costa, 2016
Melanorivulus pictus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 1989)
Melanorivulus pindorama W. J. E. M. Costa, 2012
Melanorivulus pinima (W. J. E. M. Costa, 1989)
Melanorivulus planaltinus (W. J. E. M. Costa & Brasil, 2008)
Melanorivulus polychromus D. T. B. Nielsen, P. A. B. A. Neves, Ywamoto & Passos, 2016
Melanorivulus proximus W. J. E. M. Costa, 2018
Melanorivulus punctatus (Boulenger, 1895)
Melanorivulus regularis W. J. E. M. Costa, 2017
Melanorivulus rossoi (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2005)
Melanorivulus rubromarginatus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2007)
Melanorivulus rubroreticulatus W. J. E. M. Costa, Amorim & BraganÃÂ§a, 2014
Melanorivulus rutilicaudus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2005)
Melanorivulus salmonicaudus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2007)
Melanorivulus scalaris (W. J. E. M. Costa, 2005)
Melanorivulus schuncki (W. J. E. M. Costa & de Luca, 2011)
Melanorivulus spixi W. J. E. M. Costa, 2016
Melanorivulus ubirajarai W. J. E. M. Costa, 2012
Melanorivulus violaceus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 1991)
Melanorivulus vittatus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 1989)
Melanorivulus wallacei W. J. E. M. Costa, 2016
Melanorivulus zygonectes (G. S. Myers, 1927)

Melanorivulus

Species

References