Melanodera is a genus of Patagonian seed-eating birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.
The genus Melanodera was introduced in 1850 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte with the white-bridled finch (Melanodera melanodera) as the type species. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek melas meaning "black" and dera meaning "neck". The genus now contains two species.