Melanochroa may refer to three different insect genera:
- Melanochroa <small>Brauer, 1882</small>, a synonym for Nothomyia, a genus of flies
- Melanochroa <small>Broun, 1882</small>, a synonym for Cyclaxyra, a genus of beetles
- Melanochroa <small>Roeder, 1886</small>, a synonym for Nothomyia, a genus of flies
- Melanochroa <small>Yoshiyasu, 1985</small>, a synonym for Yoshiyasua, a genus of moths