Melanocetus rossi is a species of black seadevil, a type of anglerfish. The fish is mesopelagic; the only example collected by humans was found in the Ross Sea at a depth of .
The fish is named in honor of James Clark Ross (1800-1862), a polar captain, and researcher of the Arctic and Antarctic, for whom the Ross Sea, in Antarctica, where the only known specimen was collected, was named.