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Mdina steles

The Mdina steles are two Phoenician language inscriptions found near the city of Mdina (ancient Maleth), Malta, in 1816. The findspot is disputed; the oldest known description places it near the Tal-Virtù Church. The surviving stele is currently in the National Museum of Archaeology, Malta; the other stele has been considered lost for more than a century.

They were widely publicized by Wilhelm Gesenius as Melitensia Tertia and Melitensia Quarta ("Maltese 3rd" and "Maltese 4th"). They are also known as KAI 61A,B or CIS i 123A,B.

Stele 61B has been dated to the sixth century BCE on the basis of letter forms.

Text of the inscriptions

The two inscriptions read:

:

A "molkomor" (as in B) was a "substitute" sacrificial offering to Ba‘al of a lamb instead of a child. The word is a composite of molk or Moloch, traditionally the Punic god Ba‘al but more probably meaning "(human) sacrifice (of a child)", and ’MR (cf. Hebrew ’immēr), "lamb". Another possible reading is "MLK’SR", meaning Moloch-Osiris, who was also worshiped by the Phoenicians.

It is not clear whether molk-Ba‘al in A is a variant of molkomor, or that 61A refers to a real child sacrifice, while 61B refers to a substitute offering.

Gallery

References