Maryland Township is located in Ogle County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 535 and it contained 251 housing units.
"Whereas, It appears from a communication from the Auditor of State to the Clerk of the County Court that, by a decision in his office, the names of the Towns [sic Townships] of Harrison, Eagle and Brooklyn must be changed, in pursuance of which the name of the Town is changed to the name of Maryland; the name of the Town of Brooklyn is changed to Rockvale, and the name of the Town of Eagle is changed to the name of Pine Rock." [Nov. 12, 1850]
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 99.94%) is land and (or 0.06%) is water.