Marcin Dunin Sulgostowski of Ã
ÂabÃÂdÃ
º coat of arms (; 11 November 1774, in WaÃ
 – 26 December 1842, in PoznaÃ
Â) was archbishop of PoznaÃ
 and Gniezno, primate of Poland.
He was the oldest son of common land owners, Felicjan and Brygida née Szczakowska, and grew up under the protection of his uncle, WacÃ
Âaw Szczakowski. His education began in the Jesuits school in Rawa Mazowiecka, which was at that time a community in Congress Poland. He passed Abitur on the German-language gymnasium in Bromberg (now Bydgoszcz), the historic capital of the Royal Prussian Bromberg district. Between 1793 and 1797, he studied theology in Rome (Polish Rzym) at the Collegium Germanicum. Upon graduation he was ordained a priest.
After his return to Prussia, he started his ecclesiastical career by serving as a canon in the Prussian communities of WiÃ
Âlica (Wislitz) and WÃ
ÂocÃ
Âawek. In 1815, he became chancellor of the Gniezno (Gnesen) Curia. He also held some secular offices â in 1817 he became the royal Prussian counselor for education in Posen District.
Prussian authorities, considering Dunin's loyalty to the King of Prussia, recommended him as a candidate for the sees of archbishops of PoznaÃ
 and Gniezno. He was appointed to those offices in 1830 and became bishop one year later. As proof of his loyalty and on demand of the president of Grand Duchy of Posen, Eduard Flottwell, Dunin wrote a pastoral letter condemning the November Uprising. On the other hand, Dunin got permission for Polish priests to communicate in Polish rather than German.
In 1837, the conflict between Prussian authorities and the archbishop began. Dunin, according to the breve of Pius VIII (1830), announced that all mixed marriages between Catholics and Protestants had to take an oath that all their offspring would be raised as Catholics. The Prussian authorities sentenced Dunin to six months of internment and the loss of his archbishopric thrones. His penalty started on April 3, 1839 in Berlin. The archbishop considered the sentence to be an unjustified intervention of secular authority into ecclesiastical law. He left Berlin and went to PoznaÃ
Â, where he was arrested. He was later sent to prison in the stronghold at Kolberg (KoÃ
Âobrzeg). After ten months of penalty, the new king Frederick William IV granted his freedom. The monarch, to prevent a possible uprising of the partial Polish majority of the Grand Duchy, decided the dismissal of Flottwell. This was a foretaste of the Kulturkampf.
Dunin held the Prussian Order of the Black Eagle.
After his return to PoznaÃ
Â, Dunin swore loyalty to the new king, but he continued his anti-Prussian politics in church until his death. He was buried in the archcathedral of PoznaÃ
Â.
Works
- Wilhelm von Schütz; Martin von Dunin: Ueber die preussische Rechtsansicht wegen der gemischten Ehen. Beigefügtes Werk: Nebst Rechtfertigung des Herrn v. Dunin auf die von der königl. Regierung in Berlin durch die Staatszeitung vom 31. Dezember 1838 veröffentlichte Erklärung. Regensburg: Manz, 1839.
- Martin von Dunin und Franz Pohl: Erzbischof von Gnesen und Posen: eine biographische und kirchenhistorische Skizze. Marienburg: Dormann 1843. Posen: W. StefaÃ
Âski, 1850.
- Marcin Dunin: KsiÃÂ
Ã
¼ka do naboÃ
¼eÃ
Âstwa z polecenia najprzewielebniejszego Ã
Âp. arcybiskupa Dunina dla wszystkich katolików szczególniej zaÃ
 dla wygody katolików Archidiecezyi PoznaÃ
Âskiéj i GnieÃ
ºnieÃ
Âskiéj. 2. ed. 1850.
- Marcin Dunin: KsiÃÂ
Ã
¼ka do naboÃ
¼eÃ
Âstwa dla wszystkich katolików, szczególniéj zaÃ
 dla wygody katolików archidyecezyi gnieÃ
ºnieÃ
Âskiéj i poznaÃ
Âskiéj / z polecenia najprzewielebniejszego arcybiskupa Dunin uÃ
ÂoÃ
¼one. Leszno: E. Günther, 1853.
- Marcin Dunin: KsiÃÂ
Ã
¼ka do naboÃ
¼eÃ
Âstwa dla wszystkich katolików, szczególniéj zaÃ
 dla wygody katolików archidyecezyi gnieÃ
ºnieÃ
Âskiéj i poznaÃ
Âskiéj z polecenia najprzewielebniejszego X. arcy-biskupa Dunina uÃ
ÂoÃ
¼ona, na nowo z rozkazu najprzewielebniejszego arcy-biskupa X. Leona PrzyÃ
Âuskiego przejrzana. Gnesen: J. B. Lange, 1861.
- Marcin Dunin: KsiÃÂ
Ã
¼ka do naboÃ
¼eÃ
Âstwa dla wszystkich katolików, szczególniéj zaÃ
 dla wygody katolików archidyecezyi gnieÃ
ºnieÃ
Âskiéj i poznaÃ
Âskiéj / z polecenia najprzewielebniejszego X. arcy-biskupa Dunina uÃ
ÂoÃ
¼ona, na nowo z rozkazu najprzewielebniejszego arcy-biskupa X. Leona PrzyÃ
Âuskiego przejrzana. Gnesen: J. B. Lange, 1864.
- Marcin Dunin: KsiÃÂ
Ã
¼ka do naboÃ
¼eÃ
Âstwa dla wszystkich katolików / uÃ
ÂoÃ
¼ona podÃ
Âug ksiÃÂ
Ã
¼ki wydanéj z polecenia Najprzewielbniejszego Arcy-biskupa Dunina. Tschenstochau: Kohn und Oderfeld, 1887.
- Marcin Dunin: Nowy pana naszego Jezusa Chrystusa Testament z Ã
ÂaciÃ
Âskiego na jÃÂzyk kpolski prezeÃ
ÂoÃ
¼ony przez Jakóba Wujka. Posen: NakÃ
Â. Ksiegarni Katolickiej, 1888.
References
- Antoni GÃÂ
siorowski, Jerzy Topolski (red.): Wielkopolski SÃ
Âownik Biograficzny. Warszawa-PoznaÃ
Â,1983. PWN
- Anton Graf: Die Erzbischöfe von Cölln und Posen. Darstellung der welthistorischen Bedeutung der katholischen Frage in Preussen. Leipzig, Müller 1838.
- Martin von Dunin und Franz Pohl: Erzbischof von Gnesen und Posen: eine biographische und kirchenhistorische Skizze. Marienburg: Dormann 1843. Posen: W. StefaÃ
Âski, 1850.
- Józef KnjaÃ
º Walkowski: WaÃ
¼ne Ã
ºródÃ
Âo do historyi arcybiskupa Dunina; Ks. Józefa Walkowskiego PamiÃÂtniki pisane w niewoli koÃ
Âobrzeskiej. Wyd. i wstÃÂpem poprzedziÃ
 Ks. Tadeusz TrzcÃÂÃ
Âski. PoznaÃ
Â: KsiÃÂgarnia Ã
Âw. Wojciecha, 1908.
- Manfred Laubert: Die Wahl Martin von Dunin zum Erzbischof von Gnesen und Posen. Aus: Jahrbücher für Kultur und Geschichte der Slaven; 2.1926, S. 35 - 45.
- Bernhard Stasiewski: Martin von Dunin. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie, Bd. 4, 1959, S. 197 f.
External links