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Manihot

Manihot is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.

Species of Manihot are monoecious trees, shrubs and a few herbs that are native to the Americas, from Arizona in the United States south to Argentina and Uruguay. The best known member of this genus is the widely cultivated cassava (Manihot esculenta).

Manihot species are used as food plants by the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera including Endoclita sericeus and Hypercompe hambletoni.

Species
  1. Manihot acuminatissima <small>Müll.Arg.</small> – Goiás, Bahia
  2. Manihot aesculifolia <small>(Kunth) Pohl</small> – Mexico, Central America
  3. Manihot alutacea <small>D.J.Rogers & Appan</small> – Goiás
  4. Manihot angustiloba <small>(Torr.) Müll.Arg.</small> – Mexico, Arizona
  5. Manihot anisophylla <small>(Griseb.) Müll.Arg.</small> – N Argentina
  6. Manihot anomala <small>Pohl</small> – South America
  7. Manihot attenuata <small>Müll.Arg. -</small> Goiás
  8. Manihot auriculata <small>McVaugh</small> – Jalisco, Nayarit
  9. Manihot baccata <small>Allem</small> – Fr Guiana, NE Brazil
  10. Manihot boliviana <small>Pax & K.Hoffm.</small> - Bolivia
  11. Manihot brachyandra <small>Pax & K.Hoffm.</small> – Bahia
  12. Manihot brachyloba <small>Müll.Arg.</small> – Central Amer, Dominican Rep, N South America
  13. Manihot brachystachys <small>Pax & K.Hoffm.</small> - Brazil
  14. Manihot brasiliana <small>Mendoza et al.</small> - Goiás, Brazil
  15. Manihot breviloba – Sergipe
  16. Manihot caerulescens <small>Pohl</small> – Brazil, Paraguay
  17. Manihot carthagenensis <small>(Jacq.) Müll.Arg.</small> – N South America, Trinidad, Curaçao
  18. Manihot catingae <small>Ule</small> – Bahia, Minas Gerais
  19. Manihot caudata <small>Greenm.</small> – N Mexico
  20. Manihot cecropiifolia – Goiás, Distrito Federal
  21. Manihot chlorosticta <small>Standl. & Goldman</small> – Mexico
  22. Manihot compositifolia <small>Allem</small> – Bahia
  23. Manihot condensata <small>D.J.Rogers & Appan</small> – Bolivia
  24. Manihot congesta <small>Mendoza et al.</small> - Goiás, Brazil
  25. Manihot corymbiflora <small>Pax & K.Hoffm.</small> – Rio de Janeiro
  26. Manihot crassisepala <small>Pax & K.Hoffm.</small> – México State, Morelos, Jalisco
  27. Manihot crotalariiformis <small>Pohl</small> – Minas Gerais
  28. Manihot davisiae <small>Croizat</small> – Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa
  29. Manihot diamantinensis <small>Allem</small> – Bahia
  30. Manihot dichotoma <small>Ule</small> – NE Brazil
  31. Manihot divergens <small>Pohl</small> – Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais
  32. Manihot epruinosa <small>Pax & K.Hoffm.</small> – Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia
  33. Manihot esculenta <small>Crantz</small> – from Mexico to Brazil
  34. Manihot falcata <small>D.J.Rogers & Appan</small> – Goiás, Distrito Federal
  35. Manihot filamentosa <small>Pittier</small> – NW Venezuela
  36. Manihot flemingiana <small>D.J.Rogers & Appan</small> – Mato Grosso
  37. Manihot foetida <small>(Kunth) Pohl</small> – C + N Mexico
  38. Manihot fortalezensis <small>Nassar, D.G.Ribeiro, Bomfim & P.T.C.Gomes</small> – Ceará
  39. Manihot fruticulosa <small>(Pax) D.J.Rogers & Appan</small> – Brazil
  40. Manihot gabrielensis <small>Allem</small> – Goiás
  41. Manihot gracilis <small>Pohl</small> – Paraguay, Brazil
  42. Manihot grahamii <small>Hook.</small> – S Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
  43. Manihot guaranitica <small>Chodat & Hassl.</small> – N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia
  44. Manihot handroana <small>Cruz</small> – Minas Gerais
  45. Manihot hassleriana – Paraguay
  46. Manihot heptaphylla <small>Ule</small> – Bahia
  47. Manihot hilariana <small>Baill.</small> – Minas Gerais
  48. Manihot hunzikeriana <small>Mart.Crov.</small> – Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones
  49. Manihot incisa <small> - Goiás, Brazil</small>
  50. Manihot inflata <small>Müll.Arg.</small> – São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná
  51. Manihot irwinii <small>D.J.Rogers & Appan</small> – Goiás
  52. Manihot jacobinensis <small>Müll.Arg.</small> – Mato Grosso, Bahia
  53. Manihot janiphoides <small>Müll.Arg.</small> – São Paulo, Minas Gerais
  54. Manihot jolyana <small>Cruz</small> – São Paulo
  55. Manihot leptophylla <small>Pax</small> – NW South America
  56. Manihot longepetiolata <small>Pohl</small> – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  57. Manihot maracasensis <small>Ule</small> – Bahia
  58. Manihot marajoara <small>Huber</small> – Pará, Amapá
  59. Manihot mcvaughii <small>V.W.Steinm.</small> – Michoacán
  60. Manihot membranacea <small>Pax & K.Hoffm.</small> – Mato Grosso
  61. Manihot michaelis <small>McVaugh</small> – Colima, Jalisco
  62. Manihot mirabilis <small>Pax</small> – Paraguay
  63. Manihot mossamedensis <small>Taub.</small> – Goiás
  64. Manihot nana <small>Müll.Arg.</small> – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  65. Manihot neusana <small>Nassar</small> – Paraná
  66. Manihot nogueirae <small>Allem</small> – Distrito Federal
  67. Manihot oaxacana <small>D.J.Rogers & Appan</small> – Oaxaca
  68. Manihot obovata <small>J.Jiménez Ram.</small> – Guerrero
  69. Manihot oligantha <small>Pax & K.Hoffm.</small> – Goiás
  70. Manihot orbicularis <small>Pohl</small> – Goiás
  71. Manihot palmata <small>Müll.Arg.</small> – Rio de Janeiro
  72. Manihot pauciflora <small>Brandegee</small> – Puebla, Oaxaca
  73. Manihot paviifolia <small>Pohl</small> – Goiás
  74. Manihot peltata <small>Pohl</small> – Goiás
  75. Manihot pentaphylla <small>Pohl</small> – Brazil, Paraguay
  76. Manihot peruviana <small>Müll.Arg.</small> – Loreto, San Martin
  77. Manihot pilosa <small>Pohl</small> – E Brazil
  78. Manihot pinatiloba <small> Goiás, Brazil</small>
  79. Manihot pohliana <small>Müll.Arg.</small> – Bahia
  80. Manihot pohlii <small>Wawra</small> – Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
  81. Manihot populifolia <small>Pax</small> – Paraguay
  82. Manihot porphyrantha <small> Goiás, Brazil</small>
  83. Manihot pringlei <small>S.Watson</small> – Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro
  84. Manihot procumbens <small>Müll.Arg.</small> – Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraguay
  85. Manihot pruinosa <small>Pohl</small> – Mato Grosso, Goiás
  86. Manihot pseudoglaziovii <small>Pax & K.Hoffm.</small> – Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba
  87. Manihot pulchrifolius <small>M.J. Silva</small> – Brazil
  88. Manihot purpureocostata <small>Pohl</small> – Goiás
  89. Manihot pusilla <small>Pohl</small> – Goiás
  90. Manihot quinquefolia <small>Pohl</small> – Bahia
  91. Manihot quinqueloba <small>Pohl</small> – Mato Grosso, Goiás
  92. Manihot quinquepartita <small>Huber ex D.J.Rogers & Appan</small> – Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso
  93. Manihot reniformis <small>Pohl</small> – Bahia
  94. Manihot reptans <small>Pax</small> – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  95. Manihot rhomboidea <small>Müll.Arg.</small> – Mexico, Central America
  96. Manihot rubricaulis <small>I.M.Johnst.</small> – Mexico
  97. Manihot sagittatopartita <small>Pohl</small> – Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais
  98. Manihot salicifolia <small>Pohl</small> – Mato Grosso, Goiás
  99. Manihot sparsifolia <small>Pohl</small> – Goiás
  100. Manihot stipularis <small>Pax</small> – Distrito Federal, Goiás
  101. Manihot stricta <small>Baill.</small> – Peru, Mato Grosso, Goiás
  102. Manihot subspicata <small>Rogers & Appan</small> – Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
  103. Manihot surinamensis <small>D.J.Rogers & Appan</small> – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas
  104. Manihot tenella <small>Müll.Arg.</small> – São Paulo, Paraguay
  105. Manihot tomatophylla <small>Standl.</small> – Morelos, Jalisco, Michoacán
  106. Manihot tomentosa <small>Pohl</small> – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  107. Manihot triloba <small>(Sessé) McVaugh ex Miranda</small> – Mexico
  108. Manihot tripartita <small>(Spreng.) Müll.Arg.</small> – Brazil, Paraguay
  109. Manihot triphylla <small>Pohl</small> – Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais
  110. Manihot tristis <small>Müll.Arg.</small> – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas, N Brazil
  111. Manihot variifolia <small>Pax & K.Hoffm.</small> – Paraguay
  112. Manihot violacea <small>Pohl</small> – Brazil
  113. Manihot walkerae <small>Croizat</small> – Texas, Tamaulipas
  114. Manihot websteri <small>D.J.Rogers & Appan</small> – Puebla, Oaxaca
  115. Manihot weddelliana <small>Baill.</small> – Goiás
  116. Manihot xavantinensis <small>D.J.Rogers & Appan</small> – Mato Grosso
  117. Manihot zehntneri <small>Ule</small> – Bahia
variety treated as a species
  1. Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii = Manihot glaziovii <small>(Müll.Arg.) Allem</small>
formerly included

moved to Aleurites Cnidoscolus Jatropha

  1. M. curcas – Jatropha curcas
  2. M. diversifolia – Jatropha diversifolia
  3. M. gossypiifolia – Jatropha gossypiifolia
  4. M. herbacea – Cnidoscolus urens
  5. M. moluccana – Aleurites moluccanus
  6. M. multifida – Jatropha multifida
  7. M. spinosissima – Cnidoscolus vitifolius
  8. M. urens – Cnidoscolus urens

Pollination

Monoecy was demonstrated by Jennings 1963 and George & Shifriss 1967.

References

External links