Madison Township is one of thirteen townships in Fremont County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 141 and it contained 68 housing units.
As of the 2010 census, Madison Township covered an area of ; of this, (99.35 percent) was land and (0.65 percent) was water.
The township contains Beehive Cemetery, Columbia and French Cemetery, Mount Olive Cemetery, Stauch Cemetery, Utterback Cemetery and Wesleyan Cemetery.