Macrobrachium is a genus of freshwater prawns or shrimps characterised by the extreme enlargement of the second pair of pereiopods, at least in the male. The genus is cosmopolitan, found throughout the tropical, freshwater and estuarine ecosystems of both the Old and New Worlds. The genus has a difficult taxonomic history due to morphological conservation between its species (plesiomorphy), and conversely, variations within a single species (polymorphism), leading to the discovery of cryptic species which were only revealed through genetic analysis and morphometry.
Many species of Macrobrachium are of high commercial value, especially the larger species such as those from the M. rosenbergii species group; these are both shrimped and cultivated throughout the world. Escapees of aquaculture operations have been found to have established breeding populations, though their ecological impact is little studied.
In addition to their commercial value, these crustaceans are thought to provide various ecosystem services to humans: a study in the Senegal River basin found that large dams have been implicated in the spread of schistosomiasis, a disease caused by Schistosoma flatworms carried by snails. In general, dams inhibit the reproduction and migration of various riverine species, including Macrobrachium spp.; as these prawns are "voracious" predators of snails in all life stages, damming has been linked to marked increases in human schistosomiasis around dammed areas. It is estimated that restoration of Macrobrachium populations could benefit around 300 million people, one third to one half of the at-risk population.
Species
It contains these species:
- Macrobrachium acanthochirus <small>(F. Villalobos, 1967)</small>
- Macrobrachium acanthurus <small>(Wiegmann, 1836)</small>
- Macrobrachium acherontium <small>(Holthuis, 1977)</small>
- Macrobrachium adscitum <small>(Riek, 1951)</small>
- Macrobrachium aemulum <small>(Nobili, 1906)</small>
- Macrobrachium agwi <small>(Klotz, 2008)</small>
- Macrobrachium ahkowi <small>(Chong & Khoo, 1987)</small>
- Macrobrachium altifrons <small>(Henderson, 1893)</small>
- Macrobrachium amazonicum <small>(Heller, 1862)</small>
- Macrobrachium americanum <small>(Spence Bate, 1868)</small>
- Macrobrachium amplimanus <small>(Cai & Dai, 1999)</small>
- Macrobrachium andamanicum <small>(Tiwari, 1952)</small>
- Macrobrachium aracamuni <small>(RodrÃÂguez, 1982)</small>
- Macrobrachium asperulum <small>(von Martens, 1868)</small>
- Macrobrachium assamense <small>(Tiwari, 1958)</small>
- Macrobrachium atabapense <small>(S. Pereira, 1986)</small>
- Macrobrachium atactum <small>(Riek, 1951)</small>
- Macrobrachium auratum <small>(Short, 2004)</small>
- Macrobrachium australe <small>(Guérin-Méneville, 1838)</small>
- Macrobrachium australiense <small>(Holthuis, 1950)</small>
- Macrobrachium banjarae <small>(Tiwari, 1958)</small>
- Macrobrachium bariense <small>(De Man, 1892)</small>
- Macrobrachium birai <small>(Lobão, Melo & Fernandes, 1986)</small>
- Macrobrachium birmanicum <small>(Schenkel, 1902)</small>
- Macrobrachium bombajense <small>(Almelkar & Sankolli, 2006)</small>
- Macrobrachium borellii <small>(Nobili, 1896)</small>
- Macrobrachium brasiliense <small>(Heller, 1862)</small>
- Macrobrachium brevicarpum <small>(Tan & Dong, 1996)</small>
- Macrobrachium bullatum <small>(Fincham, 1987)</small>
- Macrobrachium cacharense <small>(Tiwari, 1952)</small>
- Macrobrachium caledonicum <small>(Roux, 1926)</small>
- Macrobrachium callirrhoe <small>(De Man, 1898)</small>
- Macrobrachium canarae <small>(Tiwari, 1958)</small>
- Macrobrachium carcinus <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Macrobrachium catonium <small>(H. H. Hobbs III & H. H. Hobbs Jr., 1995)</small>
- Macrobrachium cavernicola <small>(Kemp, 1924)</small>
- Macrobrachium chevalieri <small>(Roux, 1935)</small>
- Macrobrachium clymene <small>(De Man, 1902)</small>
- Macrobrachium cocoense <small>(Abele & W. Kim, 1984)</small>
- Macrobrachium cosolapaense <small>MejÃÂa-OrtÃÂz & López-MejÃÂa, 2011</small>
- Macrobrachium cortezi <small>RodrÃÂguez, 1982</small>
- Macrobrachium cowlesi <small>Holthuis, 1950</small>
- Macrobrachium crebrum <small>Abele & W. Kim, 1989</small>
- Macrobrachium crenulatum <small>Holthuis, 1950</small>
- Macrobrachium dalatense <small>Nguyên, 2003</small>
- Macrobrachium dayanum <small>(Henderson, 1893)</small>
- Macrobrachium denticulatum <small>Ostrovski, Da Fonseca & Da Silva-Ferreira, 1996</small>
- Macrobrachium depressimanum <small>S. Pereira, 1993</small>
- Macrobrachium dienbienphuense <small>ÃÂÃÂng & B. Y. Nguyên, 1972</small>
- Macrobrachium dierythrum <small>S. Pereira, 1986</small>
- Macrobrachium digitus <small>Abele & W. Kim, 1989</small>
- Macrobrachium digueti <small>(Bouvier, 1895)</small>
- Macrobrachium dolatum <small>Cai, Naiyanetr & Ng, 2004</small>
- Macrobrachium dolichodactylus <small>(Hilgendorf, 1879)</small>
- Macrobrachium duri <small>Wowor & Ng, 2010</small>
- Macrobrachium dux <small>(Lenz, 1910)</small>
- Macrobrachium edentatum <small>Liang & Yan, 1986</small>
- Macrobrachium elatum <small>Jayachandran, 1987</small>
- Macrobrachium elegantum <small>Pan, Hou & S. Li, 2010</small>
- Macrobrachium empulipke <small>Wowor, 2010</small>
- Macrobrachium equidens <small>(Dana, 1852)</small>
- Macrobrachium esculentum <small>(Thallwitz, 1891)</small>
- Macrobrachium faustinum <small>(de Saussure, 1857)</small>
- Macrobrachium felicinum <small>Holthuis, 1949</small>
- Macrobrachium ferreirai <small>Kensley & Walker, 1982</small>
- Macrobrachium feunteuni <small>Keith & Vigneux, 2002</small>
- Macrobrachium foai <small>(Coutière, 1902)</small>
- Macrobrachium forcipatum <small>Ng, 1995</small>
- Macrobrachium formosense <small>Spence Bate, 1868</small>
- Macrobrachium fukienense <small>Liang & Yan, 1980</small>
- Macrobrachium gallus <small>Holthuis, 1952</small>
- Macrobrachium gangeticum <small>Spence Bate, 1868</small>
- Macrobrachium glabrum <small>Holthuis, 1995</small>
- Macrobrachium gracilirostre <small>(Miers, 1875)</small>
- Macrobrachium grandimanus <small>(Randall, 1840)</small>
- Macrobrachium gua <small>Chong, 1989</small>
- Macrobrachium guangxiense <small>Liang & Yan, 1981</small>
- Macrobrachium gurudeve <small>Jayachandran & Raji, 2005</small>
- Macrobrachium hainanense <small>(Parisi, 1919)</small>
- Macrobrachium hancocki <small>Holthuis, 1950</small>
- Macrobrachium handschini <small>(Roux, 1933)</small>
- Macrobrachium hendersodayanum <small>(Tiwari, 1952)</small>
- Macrobrachium hendersoni <small>(De Man, 1906)</small>
- Macrobrachium heterochirus <small>(Wiegmann, 1836)</small>
- Macrobrachium heterorhynchos <small>Guo & He, 2008</small>
- Macrobrachium hildebrandti <small>(Hilgendorf, 1893)</small>
- Macrobrachium hirsutimanus <small>(Tiwari, 1952)</small>
- Macrobrachium hirtimanus <small>(Olivier, 1811)</small>
- Macrobrachium hobbsi <small>Villalobos Hiriart & Natees Rodriguez, 1990</small>
- Macrobrachium holthuisi <small>Genofre & Lobão, 1978</small>
- Macrobrachium horstii <small>(De Man, 1892)</small>
- Macrobrachium idae <small>(Heller, 1862)</small>
- Macrobrachium idella <small>(Hilgendorf, 1898)</small>
- Macrobrachium iheringi <small>(Ortmann, 1897)</small>
- Macrobrachium inca <small>Holthuis, 1950</small>
- Macrobrachium indianum <small>Pillai et al., 2015</small>
- Macrobrachium indicum <small>Jayachandran & Joseph, 1986</small>
- Macrobrachium inflatum <small>Liang & Yan, 1985</small>
- Macrobrachium inpa <small>Kensley & Walker, 1982</small>
- Macrobrachium insulare <small>(Parisi, 1919)</small>
- Macrobrachium jacatepecense <small>MejÃÂa-OrtÃÂz & López-MejÃÂa, 2011</small>
- Macrobrachium jacobsoni <small>Holthuis, 1950</small>
- Macrobrachium japonicum <small>(De Haan, 1849)</small>
- Macrobrachium jaroense <small>(Cowles, 1914)</small>
- Macrobrachium jayasreei <small>Jayachandran & Raji, 2005</small>
- Macrobrachium jelskii <small>(Miers, 1877)</small>
- Macrobrachium jiangxiense <small>Liang & Yan, 1985</small>
- Macrobrachium johnsoni <small>Ravindranath, 1979</small>
- Macrobrachium joppae <small>Holthuis, 1950</small>
- Macrobrachium kelianense <small>Wowor & Short, 2007</small>
- Macrobrachium kempi <small>(Tiwari, 1949)</small>
- Macrobrachium kistnense <small>(Tiwari, 1952)</small>
- Macrobrachium kiukianense <small>(Yu, 1931)</small>
- Macrobrachium koombooloomba <small>Short, 2004</small>
- Macrobrachium koreana <small>De Kwon, 1984 </small>
- Macrobrachium kulkarnii <small>Almelkar & Sankolli, 2006</small>
- Macrobrachium kunjuramani <small>Jayachandran & Raji, 2005</small>
- Macrobrachium lamarrei <small>H. Milne-Edwards, 1837</small>
- Macrobrachium lanatum <small>Cai & Ng, 2002</small>
- Macrobrachium lanceifrons <small>(Dana, 1852)</small>
- Macrobrachium lanchesteri <small>(De Man, 1911)</small>
- Macrobrachium lantau <small>(Chow, Chan & Tsang, 2022)</small>
- Macrobrachium lar <small>(Fabricius, 1798)</small>
- Macrobrachium latidactylus <small>(Thallwitz, 1891)</small>
- Macrobrachium latimanus <small>(von Martens, 1868)</small>
- Macrobrachium lepidactyloides <small>(De Man, 1892)</small>
- Macrobrachium lepidactylus <small>(Hilgendorf, 1879)</small>
- â Macrobrachium leptodactylus <small>(De Man, 1892)</small>
- Macrobrachium leucodactylus <small>Wowor & Choy, 2001</small>
- Macrobrachium lingyunense <small>J. Li, Cai & Clarke, 2006</small>
- Macrobrachium lopopodus <small>Wowor & Choy, 2001</small>
- Macrobrachium lorentzi <small>(Roux, 1921)</small>
- Macrobrachium lucifugum <small>Holthuis, 1974</small>
- Macrobrachium lujae <small>(De Man, 1912)</small>
- Macrobrachium macrobrachion <small>(Herklots, 1851)</small>
- Macrobrachium maculatum <small>Liang & Yan, 1980</small>
- Macrobrachium madhusoodani <small>Unnikrishnan, P. M. Pillai & Jayachandran, 2011</small>
- Macrobrachium malayanum <small>(Roux, 1935)</small>
- Macrobrachium malcolmsonii <small>(H. Milne-Edwards, 1844)</small>
- Macrobrachium mammillodactylus <small>(Thallwitz, 1892)</small>
- Macrobrachium manipurense <small>(Tiwari, 1952)</small>
- Macrobrachium manningi <small>Pereira & Lasso, 2007</small>
- Macrobrachium mazatecum <small>MejÃÂa-OrtÃÂz & López-MejÃÂa, 2011</small>
- Macrobrachium meridionale <small>Liang & Yan, 1983</small>
- Macrobrachium michoacanus <small>Villalobos Hiriart & Nates Rodriguez, 1990</small>
- Macrobrachium microps <small>Holthuis, 1978</small>
- Macrobrachium mieni <small>ÃÂÃÂng, 1975</small>
- Macrobrachium minutum <small>(Roux, 1917)</small>
- Macrobrachium miyakoense <small>Komai & Fujita, 2005</small>
- Macrobrachium moorei <small>(Calman, 1899)</small>
- Macrobrachium naso <small>(Kemp, 1918)</small>
- Macrobrachium nattereri <small>(Heller, 1862)</small>
- Macrobrachium natulorum <small>Holthuis, 1984</small>
- Macrobrachium neglectum <small>(De Man, 1905)</small>
- Macrobrachium nepalense <small>Kamita, 1974</small>
- Macrobrachium niloticum <small>(Roux, 1833)</small>
- Macrobrachium niphanae <small>Shokita & Takeda, 1989</small>
- Macrobrachium nipponense <small>(De Haan, 1849)</small>
- Macrobrachium nobilii <small>(Henderson & Matthai, 1910)</small>
- Macrobrachium novaehollandiae <small>(De Man, 1908)</small>
- Macrobrachium oaxacae <small>MejÃÂa-OrtÃÂz & López-MejÃÂa, 2011</small>
- Macrobrachium occidentale <small>Holthuis, 1950</small>
- Macrobrachium oenone <small>(De Man, 1902)</small>
- Macrobrachium ohione <small>(Smith, 1874)</small>
- Macrobrachium olfersii <small>(Wiegmann, 1836)</small>
- Macrobrachium oxyphilus <small>Ng, 1992</small>
- Macrobrachium panamense <small>Rathbun, 1912</small>
- Macrobrachium pantanalense <small>dos Santos, Hayd & Anger, 2013</small>
- Macrobrachium patheinense <small>Phone & Suzuki, 2004</small>
- Macrobrachium patsa <small>(Coutière, 1899)</small>
- Macrobrachium pectinatum <small>S. Pereira, 1986</small>
- Macrobrachium peguense <small>(Tiwari, 1952)</small>
- Macrobrachium pentazona <small>He, Gao & Guo, 2009</small>
- Macrobrachium petersii <small>(Hilgendorf, 1879)</small>
- Macrobrachium petiti <small>(Roux, 1934)</small>
- Macrobrachium petronioi <small>Melo, Lobão & Fernandes, 1986</small>
- Macrobrachium phongnhaense (<small>Tu & Cuong, 2015</small>)
- Macrobrachium pilimanus <small>(De Man, 1879)</small>
- Macrobrachium pilosum <small>Cai & Dai, 1999</small>
- Macrobrachium placidulum <small>(De Man, 1892)</small>
- Macrobrachium placidum <small>(De Man, 1892)</small>
- Macrobrachium platycheles <small>Ou & Yeo, 1995</small>
- Macrobrachium platyrostris <small>(Tiwari, 1952)</small>
- Macrobrachium poeti <small>Holthuis, 1984</small>
- Macrobrachium potiuna <small>(Müller, 1880)</small>
- Macrobrachium praecox <small>(Roux, 1928)</small>
- Macrobrachium pumilum <small>S. Pereira, 1986</small>
- Macrobrachium purpureamanus <small>Wowor, 1999</small>
- Macrobrachium quelchi <small>(De Man, 1900)</small>
- Macrobrachium raridens <small>(Hilgendorf, 1893)</small>
- Macrobrachium rathbunae <small>Holthuis, 1950</small>
- Macrobrachium reyesi <small>S. Pereira, 1986</small>
- Macrobrachium rhodochir <small>Ng, 1995</small>
- Macrobrachium rodriguezi <small>S. Pereira, 1986</small>
- Macrobrachium rogersi <small>(Tiwari, 1952)</small>
- Macrobrachium rosenbergii <small>(De Man, 1879)</small>
- Macrobrachium rostratum <small>X. Wang, 1997</small>
- Macrobrachium rude <small>(Heller, 1862)</small>
- Macrobrachium sabanus <small>Ng, 1994</small>
- Macrobrachium saengphani <small>(Saengphan, Panijpan, Senapin, Suksomnit & Phiwsaiya, 2020)</small>
- Macrobrachium saigonense <small>(Nguyên, 2006)</small>
- Macrobrachium sankolli <small>(Jalihal & Shenoy in Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1988)</small>
- Macrobrachium santanderensis <small>(Garcia-Perez & Villamizar, 2009)</small>
- Macrobrachium sbordonii <small>(MejÃÂa-OrtÃÂz, Baldari & López-MejÃÂa, 2008)</small>
- Macrobrachium scabriculum <small>(Heller, 1862)</small>
- Macrobrachium scorteccii <small>(Maccagno, 1961)</small>
- Macrobrachium shaoi <small>(Cai & Jeng, 2001)</small>
- Macrobrachium shokitai <small>(Fujino & Baba, 1973)</small>
- Macrobrachium sintangense <small>(De Man, 1898)</small>
- Macrobrachium sirindhorn <small>(Naiyanetr, 2001)</small>
- Macrobrachium siwalikense <small>(Tiwari, 1952)</small>
- Macrobrachium sollaudii <small>(De Man, 1912)</small>
- Macrobrachium spinipes <small>(Schenkel, 1902)</small>
- Macrobrachium spinosum <small>(Cai & Ng, 2001)</small>
- Macrobrachium srilankense <small>(Costa, 1979)</small>
- Macrobrachium striatum <small>(N. N. Pillai, 1991)</small>
- Macrobrachium sulcatus <small>(Henderson & Matthai, 1910)</small>
- Macrobrachium sulcicarpale <small>(Holthuis, 1950)</small>
- Macrobrachium sundaicum <small>(Heller, 1862)</small>
- Macrobrachium suongae <small>(Nguyên, 2003)</small>
- Macrobrachium superbum <small>(Heller, 1862)</small>
- Macrobrachium surinamicum <small>(Holthuis, 1948)</small>
- Macrobrachium tenellum <small>(Smith, 1871)</small>
- Macrobrachium tenuirostrum <small>(X. Wang, 1997)</small>
- Macrobrachium thai <small>(Cai, Naiyanetr & Ng, 2004)</small>
- Macrobrachium therezieni <small>(Holthuis, 1965)</small>
- Macrobrachium thuylami <small>(Nguyên, 2006)</small>
- Macrobrachium thysi <small>(Powell, 1980)</small>
- Macrobrachium tiwarii <small>(Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1988)</small>
- Macrobrachium tolmerum <small>(Riek, 1951)</small>
- Macrobrachium totonacum <small>(MejÃÂa, Alvarez & Hartnoll, 2003)</small>
- Macrobrachium transandicum <small>(Holthuis, 1950)</small>
- Macrobrachium tratense <small>(Cai, Naiyanetr & Ng, 2004)</small>
- Macrobrachium trichodactylum <small>(Liang, Liu & Chen in Li, Liu, Liang & Chen, 2007)</small>
- Macrobrachium tuxtlaense <small>(Villalobos & Alvarez, 1999)</small>
- Macrobrachium unikarnatakae <small>(Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1988)</small>
- Macrobrachium urayang <small>(Wowor & Short, 2007)</small>
- Macrobrachium veliense <small>(Jayachandran & Joseph, 1985)</small>
- Macrobrachium venustum <small>(Parisi, 1919)</small>
- Macrobrachium vicconi <small>(Román, Ortega & MejÃÂa, 2000)</small>
- Macrobrachium vietnamiense <small>(ÃÂÃÂng in ÃÂÃÂng & B. Y. Nguyên, 1972)</small>
- Macrobrachium villalobosi <small>(H. H. Hobbs Jr., 1973)</small>
- Macrobrachium villosimanus <small>(Tiwari, 1949)</small>
- Macrobrachium vollenhoveni <small>(Herklots, 1857)</small>
- Macrobrachium walvanense <small>(Almelkar, Jalihal & Sankolli, 1999)</small>
- Macrobrachium wannanense <small>(Dai & Tan, 1993)</small>
- Macrobrachium weberi <small>(De Man, 1892)</small>
- Macrobrachium xmas <small>(Fujita, Davie & Ng, 2015)</small>
- Macrobrachium yui <small>(Holthuis, 1950)</small>
- Macrobrachium zariquieyi <small>(Holthuis, 1949)</small>
References
External links