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List of musical works in unusual time signatures

This is a list of musical compositions or pieces of music that have unusual time signatures. "Unusual" is here defined to be any time signature other than simple time signatures with top numerals of 2, 3, or 4 and bottom numerals of 2, 4, or 8, and compound time signatures with top numerals of 6, 9, or 12 and bottom numerals 4, 8, or 16.

The conventions of musical notation typically allow for more than one written representation of a particular piece. The chosen time signature largely depends upon musical context, personal taste of the composer or transcriber, and the graphic layout on the written page. Frequently, published editions were written in a specific time signature to visually signify the tempo for slow movements in symphonies, sonatas, and concerti.

A perfectly consistent unusual metrical pattern may be notated in a more familiar time signature that does not correspond to it. For example, the Passacaglia from Britten's opera Peter Grimes consists of variations over a recurring bass line eleven beats in length but is notated in ordinary time, with each variation lasting bars, and therefore commencing each time one crotchet earlier in the bar than the preceding one.

Upper number of 1

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Upper number of 2

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Upper number of 3

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Upper number of 4

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Upper number of 5

Upper number of 6

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Upper number of 7

Upper number of 8

Note: or may refer to an evenly divided compound duple or quadruple meter. While this is arguably extremely common in music, the notations ' and ' themselves are not, so all divisions of this time signature are listed here

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Upper number of 9

Time signatures that group nine beats into are very common in music. This section only lists other groupings, such as .

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  • Agon by Igor Stravinsky, at measure 167. Although other measures of in the same section are subdivided , this measure is .
  • Concertino by Igor Stravinsky, one measure after rehearsal mark 14 (subdivided ).
  • "The Count of Tuscany" by Dream Theater. The verse riff is in , with a rhythm of .
  • "I Wanna Be a Movie Star" by Bill Wurtz. The main groove is in , but also includes measures in ,,,, and .
  • "Kissing the Beehive" by Wolf Parade has its verses in .
  • Lonely Child (1980) by Claude Vivier has in measure 142.
  • "The Start of Somethin Beautiful" by Porcupine Tree. The verses are in .
  • Requiem Canticles by Igor Stravinsky has a measure of , grouped as , in the movement Libera Me.

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  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann, in bar 39 of the movement Ride the Cosmos.
  • Un Vitrail et des Oiseaux by Olivier Messiaen uses .

Upper number of 10

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  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann, in bar 12 of the movement Liquid Mechanisms.

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  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann, in bars 50 and 158 of the movement Ride the Cosmos.

Upper number of 11

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  • 20 Caprices and Rhythmic Studies, by Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, in Nos. 3 and 16.
  • Charon by Richard Barrett, in bar 65.
  • Concerto for Piano, Clarinet, and String Quartet by Roy Harris.
  • Custer and Sitting Bull by Kyle Gann, in some measures (m. 13, 15, 28, etc.) of parts 3 and 4.
  • Earth-Preserving Chant by Kyle Gann, in measures 17, 300, and 314–315.
  • How Miraculous Things Happen by Kyle Gann, in bar 136.
  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann, in the movements Ride the Cosmos and Spacecat.

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Upper number of 12

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  • Concerto for Piano, Clarinet, and String Quartet by Roy Harris, in one measure of the second movement.

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Upper number of 13

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  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann, in several bars of the movement Ride the Cosmos.

Upper number of 14

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  • Adagio 1972 by Kyle Gann, in measure 30.
  • Chicago Spiral by Kyle Gann.

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  • American Song Set by Andrew Violette, for two measures in one of the songs.
  • 20 Caprices and Rhythmic Studies, by Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, in Nos. 3 and 16.
  • Concerto for Piano, Clarinet, and String Quartet by Roy Harris.
  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann, in bars 4-5 and 171-172 of the movement Ride the Cosmos.
  • Poème des Montagnes, Op. 15 by Vincent d'Indy, in the movement "Danses Rhythmiques".

Upper number of 15

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  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann, in bar 41 of the movement Delta Oracle.

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  • 20 Caprices and Rhythmic Studies, by Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, in Nos. 3, 16, and 20.
  • Concerto for Piano, Clarinet, and String Quartet by Roy Harris.
  • Concerto rotondo per violoncello solo (2000) by Giovanni Sollima, movement 4, bars 1–17, divided .
  • Custer and Sitting Bull by Kyle Gann, in measure 131 of part 3 and some measures (m. 38, 58, 79, etc.) of part 4.
  • Earth-Preserving Chant by Kyle Gann, in measure 215.
  • Hovenweep by Kyle Gann, in bars 133 and 141.
  • How Miraculous Things Happen by Kyle Gann, in several measures.
  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann, in the movements Ride the Cosmos and Busted Grooves.
  • Lonely Child (1980) by Claude Vivier, in measure 104.
  • The Phantom of the Opera (1986) by Andrew Lloyd Webber: "Notes" and "Notes II" each contain multiple sections, divided
  • Piano Sonata no. 2 by Roger Sessions, at measure 100 of the first movement.
  • Robert Browning Overture, by Charles Ives, in measure 330.
  • De Staat by Louis Andriessen. Bars 501 and 535–36, divided (in b. 501 some layers are in and ).
  • String Quartet No. 1 (1949), by Leon Kirchner.

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  • Custer and Sitting Bull by Kyle Gann, in measure 76 of part 3.
  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann, in five bars of the movement Ride the Cosmos.
  • Piano Sonata No. 1 by Charles Wuorinen, at measure 163 of part 1 (written ).

Upper number of 16

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  • Custer and Sitting Bull by Kyle Gann, in measures 153, 157, and 162 of part 3.

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  • 20 Caprices and Rhythmic Studies, by Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, in No. 5.
  • Concerto for Piano, Clarinet, and String Quartet by Roy Harris.
  • Earth-Preserving Chant by Kyle Gann, in measure 210.
  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann, in bar 27 of the movement Ride the Cosmos.

Upper number of 17

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  • Adagio 1972 by Kyle Gann, in measure 12.
  • Desert Sonata by Kyle Gann, in the first movement.
  • "Panda" by This Town Needs Guns, in some verse section (subdivided 4+4+4+5=17). It also includes other meters like .
  • "Seven Teens", by Lionel Loueke.

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  • Concerto for Piano, Clarinet, and String Quartet by Roy Harris.
  • Desert Sonata by Kyle Gann, in the first movement.
  • Earth-Preserving Chant by Kyle Gann, in measures 30, 34, 51, 71, 75, 90, 115, 143, 147, 161, 201, 207, 242, 281, 285, and 309.
  • Hovenweep by Kyle Gann, in bars 29 and 33.
  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann, in bars 2, 8, and 175 of the movement Ride the Cosmos.
  • Sections of the instrumental Discipline by King Crimson, among other signatures.
  • Mladi by LeoÅ¡ Janáček, in the second movement.
  • Piano Sonata No. 2 by Andrew Violette.

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  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann, in bars 99, 101, and 102 of the movement Ride the Cosmos.

Upper number of 18

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  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann, in five bars of the movement Ride the Cosmos.

Upper number of 19

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  • "33 222 1 222" by Don Ellis. Its title represents the subdivision:

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  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann, in bars 28, 29, and 111 of the movement Ride the Cosmos.

Upper number between 20 and 29

20

21

  • "The Art Of Dying" by Gojira (2008) cycles from to to (grouped ) and repeats this pattern during the intro and beginning of the song.
  • 3 Danses from L'Oeuvre d'orgue by Jehan Alain has one measure of in the first dance.
  • Desert Sonata by Kyle Gann has in the second movement.
  • Happy Ending (for David Garland) by Kyle Gann. Bars 63 and 124 are in , and bar 129 is in .
  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann. The movements Ride the Cosmos and Busted Grooves have , and Ride the Cosmos also has .
  • "In Re Con Moto Et Al" by Charles Ives uses .
  • In the Dead of the Night suite by U.K., "contains an instrumental refrain in ".
  • "Keep It Greasy" by Frank Zappa on Joe's Garage (the second verse is in ).
  • Master of Puppets by Metallica features measures that can be interpreted as .

22

23

  • Desert Sonata by Kyle Gann has in the first movement.
  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann has in the movement Ride the Cosmos.
  • In ', Ganondorf's battle theme is mostly in .
  • Battle With Ganondorf, Second Form from uses in parts of its first phase.

24

  • American Song Set by Andrew Violette. One of the songs is in () and two other songs have some measures in in the piano's right hand against in the piano's left hand and voice.
  • Amor dammi quel fazzolettino by Andrew Violette has a passage of in the first piano against in the second piano.
  • "Brobdingnagische Gigue", from Intrada, nebst burlesquer Suite, for two violins (the so-called "Gulliver Suite") by Georg Philipp Telemann is in .
  • 20 Caprices and Rhythmic Studies, by Émile Jaques-Dalcroze has in Nos. 3 (as ()) and 11 (as ).
  • Carmina Burana by Carl Orff has (written as ) in the movement Veris leta facies.
  • The Death of the Hired Man by Andrew Violette has .
  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann has in the movement Ride the Cosmos.
  • Suite in E Minor, HWV 438 by George Frideric Handel uses for the Gigue.
  • The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1 by Johann Sebastian Bach. The upper stave of Prelude No. 15 is in (The bottom stave is in ).

25

  • Happy Ending (for David Garland) by Kyle Gann, in bars 46, 51, 55, and 60 ().
  • How Miraculous Things Happen by Kyle Gann, in bar 152 ().
  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann has in the movement Busted Grooves and in the movement Ride the Cosmos.
  • "How's This for Openers?" by Don Ellis ().
  • "Memory Daydreams Lapses" by OSI ().
  • "Tenemos Roads", by National Health includes "some extremely intricate passages in ".

26

  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann has in the movement Ride the Cosmos.

27

  • The Death of the Hired Man by Andrew Violette has () in measures 373 and 381.
  • Desert Sonata by Kyle Gann has in the first movement.
  • "Goliath" by Karnivool ().
  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann has and in the movement Ride the Cosmos.
  • Happy Ending (for David Garland) by Kyle Gann, in bars 45, 47, 50, 56, and 59 ().
  • After the 1-minute mark, "A Fake Forever" by GB uses the time signature of () with a grouping of 7+7+7+6. However, it's brief as it only occurs in measures 97 and 98.

28

  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann has in the movement Ride the Cosmos.

29

Upper number between 30 and 39

30

  • American Song Set by Andrew Violette. One of the songs has in the piano's right hand against in the piano's left hand and voice.
  • Bicinium by Charles Wuorinen, at bar 89 (, written as ).
  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann has in bar 149 of the movement Ride the Cosmos.

31

32

  • The main section of "Vardavar" by Tigran Hamasyan is in , grouped as .
  • "Variations for Trumpet" by Don Ellis has one section in .

33

  • "Blues in " by Matt Savage ().
  • "Bulgarian Bulge" by Don Ellis ().
  • Charon by Richard Barrett has in bar 60.
  • Desert Sonata by Kyle Gann has in the first movement.
  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann has in the movement Ride the Cosmos.
  • "In Re Con Moto Et Al" by Charles Ives ().
  • "Split Open and Melt" by Phish has a jam section in .

35

  • "Entertain Me" by Tigran Hamasyan contains a repeating melody in , overlaid on top of the main meter.
  • "Nairian Odyssey" by Tigran Hamasyan contains a solo section in , divided variously as + + and .

36

  • American Song Set by Andrew Violette. One of the songs has a measure in in the piano's right hand against in the piano's left hand and voice and another has the same, but with instead of .
  • Charon by Richard Barrett has in bar 58.
  • The Death of the Hired Man by Andrew Violette has () in bar 372.
  • Organbook by Andrew Violette has .

37

  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann has in the movement Spacecat.

Upper number between 40 and 49

40

41

  • Desert Sonata by Kyle Gann has in the first movement.

42

43

44

47

48

  • American Song Set by Andrew Violette. One song has a measure of in the piano's right hand against in the piano's left hand and in the voice.

Upper number between 50 and 59

51

  • Desert Sonata by Kyle Gann has in the first movement.
  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann has in the movement 2.7 Kelvin.

53

Upper number more than 59

77

86

101

  • Hyperchromatica by Kyle Gann has in the movement Spacecat.

256

  • "Entertain Me" by Tigran Hamasyan is in , with a repeating motif in laid over it.

Fractional time signatures

Irrational time signatures

Combined unusual signatures

  • "Anyone Who Had a Heart", by Burt Bacharach uses , , and .
  • "Butterflies, Hummingbirds", No. 5 from Twelve New Etudes by William Bolcom, has parenthesized time signatures of , , and .
  • Chichester Psalms by Leonard Bernstein uses irregular and , notated as , and .
  • Earth, the fifth part of Fictions by Richard Barrett, has , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .
  • The Exterminating Angel Symphony by Thomas Adès has , , , , , and .
  • "Firth of Fifth": Introduction, by Tony Banks of Genesis, mixes duple and quadruple meters with and signatures.
  • Intermezzo by Andrew Violette has , , , , , , , , , , and .
  • I Open and Close, the sixth part of Fictions by Richard Barrett, has , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .
  • "I Say a Little Prayer" by Dionne Warwick uses two measures of , one measure of and two measures of for verses and for its chorus.
  • Klavierstück IX (1954–55/61) by Karlheinz Stockhausen uses , , , , and .
  • Lemma-Icon-Epigram by Brian Ferneyhough has , , , (in an additive time signature), , , , , , , , (in various groupings such as ), and .
  • Lieder vom Wasser, the tenth part of Fictions by Richard Barrett, has , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .
  • The Long and the Short by Charles Wuorinen has , , (in additive time signatures such as +), , (subdivided as +++), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .
  • Love Duet by Andrew Violette has , , (grouped ), , , and .
  • Organ Sonata by Andrew Violette has , , , and .
  • Pastorale by Andrew Violette has and .
  • Piano Concerto No. 5 by Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji has , , (six dotted quarter notes), , , , , , , , , , and .
  • Piano Sonata No. 1 by Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji has , , , , , , , , , , , and .
  • Piano Sonata No. 1 by Andrew Violette has , , , and .
  • Piano Sonata No. 2 by Charles Wuorinen has , , , , , , , , , , (grouped ), , , , , , , , , , , , and (written as ).
  • Piano Sonata No. 3 by Andrew Violette has (in additive time signatures such as +), , (in additive time signatures such as +), , , , , , , , (grouped ), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (written as ), , , , , , , , , , , and .
  • Piano Sonata No. 3 by Charles Wuorinen has +, , , , , , , , , , , (grouped ), , , , , , , and .
  • Piano Sonata No. 4 by Charles Wuorinen has , , , , , (both and ), , , , , , and .
  • Quirl by Brian Ferneyhough has , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .
  • Quintet No. 1 by Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji has , , , (five dotted quarter notes), , , , , , , , , , , and .
  • Salve Regina, the second of 4 Madrigals by Andrew Violette, has , , , , (+), , and ().
  • Sonata for Cello and Piano by Elliott Carter has , , , , , and .
  • String Quartet No. 1 by Elliott Carter has (as part of an additive time signature), , , , , , , , (written as ), , , (written as ), , , , , , , and .
  • String Quartet No. 2 by Elliott Carter has , , , , , , , , , , and .
  • String Quartet No. 3 by Elliott Carter has , (in an additive time signature), , , , , , , , (in an additive time signature), , , and .
  • Structures by Pierre Boulez.
  • Ia: , ,
  • Ib: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
  • Ic: , ,
  • II, Chapter 1: , , , , , , , ,
  • II, Chapter 2: , ,
  • Superscriptio by Brian Ferneyhough has , , , , , , , , , , , and .
  • The Tempest by Thomas Adès.
  • Suite: , , , , , and .
  • Storm Suite: , , , , and .
  • Thrak by King Crimson switches between , and throughout the head section.
  • Traced Overhead by Thomas Adès has , , , , , , , and .
  • Tract, the eighth part of Fictions by Richard Barrett, has , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .
  • Zeitmaße by Karlheinz Stockhausen uses , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .

See also

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References

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