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List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War

The Lebanese Civil War was a multi-sided military conflict that pitted a variety of local irregular militias, both Muslim and Christian, against each other between 1975 and 1990. A wide variety of weapons were used by the different armies and factions operating in the Lebanese Civil War. Combatants included:

Weapons and equipment

The list below comprises all the weapons and equipment employed by the LNM, Lebanese Front, LAA, AFL, LF, IUM, Hezbollah, Al-Mourabitoun, NLA, Druze PLA, SLA, LAF, ISF, and lesser Lebanese groups (please note: the Syrian Army, PLO, Palestinian PLA and IDF are not included on this list).

Pistols and revolvers

Submachine guns

Bolt-action rifles

Semi-automatic rifles

Carbines

Assault rifles and Battle Rifles

Sniper rifles and Designated marksman rifles

Shotguns

Light machine guns

General-purpose machine guns

Medium and Heavy machine guns

Grenade systems

Land mine systems

Anti-tank rocket and grenade launchers

Recoilless rifles

Mortars

Rocket and missile systems

Anti-tank guns

Anti-aircraft guns and Autocannons

Howitzers

Armoured vehicles

Technicals, Gun trucks, transport and recovery vehicles

Vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices

Helicopters

Aircraft

Naval craft

See also

Notes

References

  • Alain Menargues, Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban: Du coup d'état de Béchir Gémayel aux massacres des camps palestiniens, Albin Michel, Paris 2004. (in French)
  • Anthony Tucker-Jones, Images of War: T–54/55, The Soviet Army's Cold War main battle tank – rare photographs from wartime archives, Pen & Sword Military, Barnsley 2017.
  • Bassel Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army through the eyes of a lens, 1975–1991, Éditions Dergham, Jdeideh (Beirut) 2019.
  • Beate Hamizrachi, The Emergence of South Lebanon Security Belt, Praeger Publishers Inc., New York 1984.
  • Bill Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters, Salamander Books Ltd, London 1981.
  • Charles Maisonneuve, AML Panhard – Des hommes, une histoire, Collection Vehicules Militaires, Histoire & Collections, Paris 2020. (in French)
  • Chris McNab, 20th Century Military Uniforms (2nd ed.), Grange Books, Kent 2002.
  • Chris McNab, Soviet Submachine Guns of World War II: PPD-40, PPSh-41 and PPS, Weapon series 33, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2014.
  • Chris McNab, The SVD Dragunov Rifle, Weapon series 87, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2023.
  • Christopher F. Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide, HarperCollins Publishers, London 2002.
  • Claire Hoy and Victor Ostrovsky, By Way of Deception: The Making and Unmaking of a Mossad Officer, St. Martin's Press, New York 1990.
  • Dave Willey – Country Director-MAG, Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War in Lebanon, maginternational.org, Manchester 2016. – https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53956
  • David Hirst, Beware of Small States: Lebanon, Battleground of the Middle East, Nation Books, New York 2010.
  • Edgar O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998.
  • Éric Micheletti and Yves Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats, RAIDS Magazine No. 41, October 1989, Histoire & Collections, Paris. (in French)
  • Éric Micheletti, Autopsie de la Guerre au Liban, RAIDS Magazine No. 100, September 1994 special issue, Histoire & Collections, Paris. (in French)
  • Farid El-Khazen, The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon 1967-1976, I.B. Tauris, London 2000. – https://books.google.com/books?id=TQdheeeXQCgC&pg=PA303
  • Gordon L. Rottman, The Rocket-propelled Grenade, Weapon series 2, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2010.
  • Gordon L. Rottman, The AK-47 Kalashnikov-series assault rifles, Weapon series 8, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2011.
  • Gordon L. Rottman, US Grenade Launchers – M79, M203, and M320, Weapon series 57, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2017.
  • Glenn Ashley, Joe Sewell and Don Greer, Hawker Hunter in action, Aircraft Number 121, Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., Carrollton, Texas 1992. , 0-89747-273-X
  • Ian Hogg, Jane's Guns recognition guide, HarperCollins Publishers, London 2002.
  • James Kinnear, Stephen Sewell & Andrey Aksenov, Soviet T-54 Main Battle Tank, General Military series, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2018.
  • James Kinnear, Stephen Sewell & Andrey Aksenov, Soviet T-55 Main Battle Tank, General Military series, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2019.
  • Jean Dunord, Liban: Les milices rendent leurs armes, RAIDS magazine No. 65, October 1991, Histoire & Collections, Paris. (in French)
  • Jean Huon, Un Siècle d'Armement Mondial: Armes à feu d'infanterie de petit calibre, tome 4, Crépin-Leblond éditions, Chaumont 1981. (in French)
  • Joseph A. Kechichian, The Lebanese Army: Capabilities and Challenges in the 1980s, Conflict Quarterly, Winter 1985.
  • Joseph Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985), Lulu.com, Beyrouth 2012. , 1291036601 (in French) – https://books.google.com/books?id=ct_jAwAAQBAJ&dq=histoire+de+la+guerre+du+liban+jean+sarkis&pg=PA8
  • John C. Rolland (ed.), Lebanon: Current Issues and Background, Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York 2003. – https://books.google.com/books?id=-JVOKeNkllgC&dq=Sami+Rihana+Lebanon&pg=PA185
  • John Laffin, The War of Desperation: Lebanon 1982-85, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1985.
  • John Walter, Walther Pistols – PP, PPK and P 38, Weapon series 82, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2022.
  • Jim Mesko, Don Greer and Perry Manley, M41 Walker Bulldog in action – Armor Number 29, Squadron/Signal Publications, Carrollton, Texas 1991.
  • Samuel M. Katz and Ron Volstad, Battleground Lebanon (1003), Concord Publications, Hong Kong 1990.
  • Samuel M. Katz, Lee E. Russel, and Ron Volstad, Armies in Lebanon 1982-84, Men-at-arms series 165, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1985.
  • Samuel M. Katz and Ron Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2, Men-at-arms series 194, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1988.
  • Samer Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon, Beirut: Elite Group, 2003.
  • Samer Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon 1975-1981, Trebia Publishing, Chyah 2012.
  • Samer Kassis, Tiran in Lebanese Wars (Ammo_A.MIG-6000), AMMO of Mig Jimenez S.L., 2018.
  • Samer Kassis, Les TIRAN 4 et 5, de Tsahal aux Milices Chrétiennes (1960-1990), Trucks & Tanks Magazine No. 50, July–August 2015, Caraktère, Aix-en-Provence, pp. 54–61. (in French)
  • Samer Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982, Abteilung 502, 2019. – https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=G2y3DwAAQBAJ&hl=pt_PT&pg=GBS.PA381
  • Simon Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual, Haynes Publishing UK, Somerset 2019.
  • Simon Dunstam, Terry Hadler and David E. Smith, The M113 series, Vanguard series 34, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1983.
  • Steven J. Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78, Vanguard series 19, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1981.
  • Steven J. Zaloga, ZSU-23-4 Shilka & Soviet Air Defense Gun Vehicles, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 1993.
  • Steven J. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2): The wars of 1973 to the present, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 2003. – https://archive.org/details/tankbattlesmidea00zalo_215
  • Steven J. Zaloga, Jim Kinnear and Peter Sarson, T-34-85 Medium Tank 1944-94, New Vanguard series 20, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 1996.
  • Steven J. Zaloga and Peter Bull, Staghound armored car 1942-62, New Vanguard series 159, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2000.
  • Tom Cooper & Sergio Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978, Middle East@War No. 21, Helion & Company Limited, Solihull UK 2019.
  • Tom Cooper & Efim Sandler, Lebanese Civil War Volume 2: Quiet before the Storm, 1978-1981, Middle East@War No. 41, Helion & Company Limited, Solihull UK 2021.
  • Tom Cooper & Efim Sandler, Lebanese Civil War Volume 3: Moving to War, 4–7 June 1982, Middle East@War No. 51, Helion & Company Limited, Solihull UK 2022.
  • Tony Badran (Barry Rubin ed.), Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2010.
  • Ken Guest, Lebanon, in Flashpoint! At the Front Line of Today's Wars, Arms and Armour Press, London 1994, pp. 97–111.
  • Leroy Thompson, The G3 Battle Rifle, Weapon series 68, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2019.
  • Leigh Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces, New Vanguard series 257, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2018.
  • Ludovic Fortin, T17E1 Staghound Armored Car – Le char sur roues, Trucks & Tracks Magazine No. 5, December 2007–January 2008, Caraktère, Marseille, pp. 48–67. (in French)
  • Moustafa El-Assad, Blue Steel: T-55 tanks in South Lebanon, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2006.
  • Moustafa El-Assad, Blue Steel 2: M-3 Halftracks in South Lebanon, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2006.
  • Moustafa El-Assad, Blue Steel III: M-113 Carriers in South Lebanon, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2007.
  • Moustafa El-Assad, Blue Steel IV: M-50 Shermans and M-50 APCs in South Lebanon, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2007.
  • Moustafa El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2008.
  • M.P. Robinson, Peter Lau and Guy Gibeau, Images of War: The AMX 13 Light Tank, A Complete History – rare photographs from wartime archives, Pen & Sword Military, Barnsley 2018.
  • N.R. Jenzen-Jones & Damien Spleeters, Identifying & Tracing the FN Herstal FAL Rifle: Documenting signs of diversion in Syria and beyond, Armament Research Services Pty. Ltd., Australia, August 2015. – http://armamentresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/ARES-Field-Guide-No.-1-Identifying-Tracing-the-FN-Herstal-FAL-Rifle.pdf
  • Paul Jackson, Modern Combat Aircraft 23: Mirage, Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan, 1985.
  • Paul Jackson, "Mirage III/5/50 Variant Briefing: Part 1: Dassault's Delta", World Air Power Journal, Volume 14, Autumn/Fall 1993, pp. 112–137, London: Aerospace Publishing. ,
  • Paul Jureidini, R. D. McLaurin, and James Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas, 1975-1978, Aberdeen, MD: U.S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Technical Memorandum 11–79, June 1979.
  • Pedro Manuel Monteiro, Berliet, Chaimite e UMM – Os Grandes Veículos Militares Nacionais, Contra a Corrente, Lda., Lisboa 2018. (in Portuguese)
  • Philipe Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978, Steelmasters Magazine No. 113, August–September 2012, Histoire & Collections, Paris, pp. 8–16. (in French)
  • Philipe Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 2e partie: Les combats israélo-Syriens au Liban, 1982, Steelmasters Magazine No. 118, April–May 2013, Histoire & Collections, Paris, pp. 8–15. (in French)
  • Richard Lathrop, John McDonald and Jim Laurier, Cadillac Cage V-100 Commando 1960-71, New Vanguard series 52, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2002.
  • Yann Mahé, La Guerre Civile Libanaise, un chaos indescriptible (1975-1990), Trucks & Tanks Magazine No. 41, January–February 2014, Caraktère, Aix-en-Provence, pp. 78–81. (in French)
  • Zachary Sex & Bassel Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond, Modern Conflicts Profile Guide Volume II, AK Interactive, 2021.

External links