The following fatty acids have one unsaturated bond.
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Crotonic acid has 4 carbons, is included in croton oil, and is a trans-2-mono-unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub> CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (E)-but-2-enoic acid, trans-but-2-enoic acid, numerical representation 4:1, n-1, molecular weight 86.09, melting point 72âÂÂ74 ðC, boiling point 180âÂÂ181 ðC, specific gravity 1.027. CAS registry number 107âÂÂ93âÂÂ7.
Myristoleic acid has 14 carbons, is found in whale blubber, and is a cis-9-monounsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>13</sub>H<sub>25</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (Z)-tetradec-9-enoic acid, numerical representation 14:1, n-5, molecular weight 226.36, melting point of âÂÂ4.5 â âÂÂ4 ðC. CAS Registry Number 544âÂÂ64âÂÂ9.
Palmitoleic acid has 16 carbons, is found in cod liver oil, sardine oil, and herring oil, and is a cis-9-monounsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>29</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acid, n-7, numerical representation of 16:1, molecular weight 254.41, melting point 5 ðC, specific gravity 0.894. CAS Registry Number 373âÂÂ49âÂÂ9.
Sapienic acid has 16 carbons, is found in the skin, and is a cis-6-mono-unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>29</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (Z)-6-Hexadecenoic acid, n-10, numerical expression 16:1, molecular weight 254.41. CAS Registry Number 17004âÂÂ51âÂÂ2.
Oleic acid has 18 carbons, is found in most animal fats and olive oil, and is a cis-9-monounsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>33</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid, numerical representation 18:1 (9), n-9, molecular weight 282.46, melting point 13.4 ðC, specific gravity 0.891. CAS Registry Number 112âÂÂ80âÂÂ1.
Elaidic acid has 18 carbons and is a trans-9-mono-unsaturated fatty acid. It is also a trans isomer of oleic acid. C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>33</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (E)-octadec-9-enoic acid, numerical representation 18:1 (9), n-9, molecular weight 282.46, melting point 43âÂÂ45 ðC. CAS Registry Number 112âÂÂ79âÂÂ8.
Vaccenic acid has 18 carbons, is found in beef tallow, mutton, and butter, and is a trans-11-mono-unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>33</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (E)-octadec-11-enoic acid, numerical representation 18:1 (11) n-7, molecular weight 282.46. CAS Registry Number 506âÂÂ17âÂÂ2.
Gadoleic acid has 20 carbons, is found in cod liver oil and other marine animal oils, and is a cis-9-mono-unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>37</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (Z)-icos-9-enoic acid, numerical representation 20:1 (9), n-11, molecular weight 310.51. CAS Registry Number 29204âÂÂ02âÂÂ2.
Eicosenoic acid has 20 carbons, is found in a wide variety of plant oils, and is a cis-11-mono-unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>37</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (Z)-icos-11-enoic acid, numerical representation 20:1 (11), n-9, molecular weight 310.51. CAS Registry Number 5561âÂÂ99âÂÂ9.
Erucic acid has 22 carbons, is found in rapeseed oil and mustard oil, and is a cis-13-monounsaturated is a fatty acid. C<sub>21</sub>H<sub>41</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (Z)-docos-13-enoic acid, numerical representation 22:1, n-9, molecular weight 338.57, melting point 33âÂÂ35 ðC. CAS Registry Number 112âÂÂ86âÂÂ7.
Nervonic acid has 24 carbons, is found in brain glycolipids (Nervon) and sphingomyelin, and is a cis-15-mono-unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>23</sub>H<sub>45</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (Z)-tetracos-15-enoic acid, numerical representation 24:1, n-9, molecular weight 366.62, melting point 42âÂÂ43 ðC. CAS Registry Number 506âÂÂ37âÂÂ6.
The following fatty acids have two unsaturated bonds.
Linoleic acid has 18 carbons, is contained in many vegetable oils, particularly semi-drying oils, and is a cis-9-cis-12-di-unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>31</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (9Z, 12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid, numerical representation 18:2 (9,12), n-6, molecular weight 280.45, melting point âÂÂ5 ðC, specific gravity 0.902. CAS Registry Number 60âÂÂ33âÂÂ3. There are isomers of linoleic acid with double bonds separated by one single bond. They are named conjugated linoleic acids.
Eicosadienoic acid (eicosadienoic's) has 20 carbons and is a cis-11-cis-14-di-unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>35</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (11Z, 14Z)-icosa-11,14-dienoic acid, numerical representation 20:2 (11,14), n-6, molecular weight 308.50.
Docosadienoic acid (docosadienoic's) has 22 carbons and is a cis-13-cis-16-di-unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>21</sub>H<sub>39</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (13Z, 16Z)-docosa-13,16-dienoic acid, numerical representation 22:2 (13,16), n-6, molecular weight 336.55. CAS Registry Number 7370âÂÂ49âÂÂ2.
The following fatty acids have three unsaturated bonds.
ñ-Linolenic acid (alpha-linolenic's) has 18 carbons, is found in linseed oil and drying oil, and is a 9,12,15-tri-unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>29</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid, numerical representation 18:3 (9,12,15), n-3, molecular weight 278.43, melting point âÂÂ11 ðC, specific gravity 0.914. CAS Registry Number 463âÂÂ40âÂÂ1.
ó-Linolenic acid (gamma-linolenic's) has 18 carbons, is the structural isomer of ñ-linolenic acid. IUPAC organization name (6Z, 9Z, 12Z)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoic acid, numerical representation 18:3 (6,9,12), n-6. CAS Registry Number 506âÂÂ26âÂÂ3.
Pinolenic acid (pinolenic's) has 18 carbons, is found in pine nuts, and is a 5,9,12-triunsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>29</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (5Z, 9Z, 12Z)-octadeca-5,9,12-trienoic acid, numerical representation 18:3 (5,9,12), n-6, molecular weight 278.43. CAS Registry Number 16833âÂÂ54âÂÂ8.
ñ-Eleostearic acid (alpha-eleostearic's) has 18 carbons, is found in Kiri drying oil, and is a 9,11,13-triunsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>29</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (9Z, 11E, 13E)-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid, numerical representation 18:3 (9,11,13), n-5, molecular weight 278.43.
ò-Eleostearic acid (beta-eleostearic's, beta-eleostearic acid) is a geometric isomer of ñ-eleostearic acid. IUPAC organization name (9E, 11E, 13E)-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid, numerical representation 18:3 (9,11,13), n-5.
<br /> ñ- and ò-Eleostearic acids are cisâÂÂtrans isomers. Other cisâÂÂtrans isomers of eleostearic acid are:
Catalpic acid (9E, 11E, 13Z)<br /> Punicic acid (9Z, 11E, 13Z).
Mead acid (Mead's) has 20 carbons, is a 5,8,11-tri-unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>33</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (5Z, 8Z, 11Z)-icosa-5,8,11-trienoic acid, numerical representation 20:3 (5,8,11), n-9, molecular weight 306.48. CAS Registry Number 20590âÂÂ32âÂÂ3.
Dihomo-ó-linolenic acid (dihomo-gamma-linolenic's, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, DGLA) has 20 carbons, and is an 8,11,14-tri-unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>33</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (8Z, 11Z, 14Z)-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid, numerical representation 20:3 (8,11,14), n-6, molecular weight 306.48. CAS Registry Number 1783âÂÂ84âÂÂ2.
Eicosatrienoic acid (eicosatrienoic's, eicosatrienoic acid) has 20 carbons and is an 11,14,17- tri unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>33</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (11Z, 14Z, 17Z)-icosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid, numerical representation 20:3 (11,14,17), n-3, molecular weight 306.48.
The following fatty acids have four unsaturated bonds.
Stearidonic acid (stearidonic's) has 18 carbons, is found in sardine oil and herring oil, and is a 6,9,12,15-tetraunsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>27</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (6Z, 9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid, numerical representation 18:4 (6,9,12,15), n-3, molecular weight 276.41. CAS Registry Number 20290âÂÂ75âÂÂ9.
Arachidonic acid (arachidonic's) has 20 carbons, is present in animal visceral fat (brain, liver, kidney, lung, spleen), and is a 5,8,11,14-tetra-unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>31</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid, numerical representation 20:4 (5,8,11,14), n-6, molecular weight 304.47, boiling point 169âÂÂ171 ðC. CAS Registry Number 506âÂÂ32âÂÂ1.
In signal transduction, arachidonic acid is produced through decomposition of the phospholipid cell membrane. This gives rise to the arachidonic acid cascade, a metabolic pathway that yields lipid mediator compounds such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes. This pathway has attracted study for its key role in inflammatory diseases such as asthma.
Eicosatetraenoic acid (eicosatetraenoic's) has 20 carbons and is an 8,11,14,17-tetraunsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>31</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)-icosa-8,11,14,17-tetraenoic acid, numerical representation 20:4 (8,11,14,17), n-3, molecular weight 304.47.
Adrenic acid (adrenic'sd) has 22 carbons and is a 7,10,13,16-tetra-unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>21</sub>H<sub>35</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)-docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acid, numerical representation 22:4 (7,10,13,16), n-6, molecular weight 332.52. CAS Registry Number 28874âÂÂ58âÂÂ0.
The following fatty acids have five unsaturated bonds.
Bosseopentaenoic acid (Boseopentaen's), has 20 carbons and is a 5,8,10,12,14-pentaunsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>25</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (5Z, 8Z, 10E, 12E, 14Z)-eicosa-5,8,10,12,14-pentaenoic acid, numerical representation 20:5 (5,8,10,12,14), n-6, molecular weight 302.46 g÷molâÂÂ1.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has 20 carbons, is found in fish oil, is a pentaunsaturated fatty acid. It is one of the essential fatty acids. The recommendation of ingesting fish oil supplements during pregnancy is said to help increase the cognitive ability at 6 months, but mercury concentration in fish products offsets the effect. In patients with hyperlipidemia and obstructive artery disease it can help lower triglycerides and also has an anti-platelet effect similar to other anti-platelet agents. It has also been shown to help in secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease as shown with the JELIS test.
C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>29</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic acid, numerical representation of 20:5 (5,8,11,14,17), n-3, molecular weight 302.45, melting point âÂÂ54 â âÂÂ53 ðC, specific gravity 0.943. CAS Registry Number 10417âÂÂ94âÂÂ4.
Ozubondo acid (Ozubondo's, Osbond acid), has 22 carbons, is a 4,7,10,13,16- pentaunsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>21</sub>H<sub>33</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoic acid, numerical representation 22:5 (4,7,10,13,16), n-6, molecular weight 330.50. CAS Registry Number 25182âÂÂ74âÂÂ5
Sardine acid (clupanodonic acid) has 22 carbons, is found in sardine oil and herring oil, is a 7,10,13,16,19- pentaunsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>21</sub>H<sub>33</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)-docosa-7,10,13,16,19-pentaenoic acid, numerical representation 22:5 (7,10,13,16,19), n-3, molecular weight 330.50.
Tetracosapentaenoic acid has 24 carbons, is a 9,12,15,18,21-penta unsaturated fatty acid. C<sub>23</sub>H<sub>37</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (9Z, 12Z, 15Z, 18Z, 21Z)-tetracosa-9,12,15,18,21-pentaenoic acid, numerical representation 24:5 (9,12,15,18,21), n-3, molecular weight 358.56.
The following fatty acids have six unsaturated bonds.
Cervonic acid (or docosahexaenoic acid) has 22 carbons, is found in fish oil, is a 4,7,10,13,16,19-hexa unsaturated fatty acid. In the human body its generation depends on consumption of omega 3 essential fatty acids (e.g., ALA or EPA), but the conversion process is inefficient. C<sub>21</sub>H<sub>31</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid, numerical representation 22:6 (4,7,10,13,16,19), n-3, molecular weight 328.49, melting point âÂÂ44 ðC, specific gravity 0.950. CAS Registry Number 6217âÂÂ54âÂÂ5.
Herring acid (Herring's, Nisinic acid) is a 6,9,12,15,18,21-hexa unsaturated fatty acid with 24 carbon atoms. C<sub>23</sub>H<sub>35</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, IUPAC organization name (6Z, 9Z, 12Z, 15Z, 18Z, 21Z)-tetracosa-6,9,12,15,18,21-hexaenoic acid, numerical representation 24:6 (6,9,12,15,18,21), n-3, molecular weight 356.54.
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