List of state leaders in the 9th century

This is a list of state leaders in the 9th century (801–900) AD.

Africa

Africa: Northeast

• Makuria (complete list) –

*Mikhael, King (c.785/794–804/813)

*Ioannes, King (early–mid 9th century)

*Zakharias III, King (mid 9th century)

*Georgios I, King (late 9th–early 10th century)

Africa: Northcentral

• Rustamid dynasty (complete list) –

*ʿAbdu l-Wahhab ibn Abd ar-Rahman, Imam (788–824)

*Aflah ibn ʿAbdi l-Wahhab, Imam (824–872)

*Abu Bakr ibn Aflah, Imam (872–874)

*Muhammad Abu l-Yaqzan ibn Aflah, Imam (874–894)

*Yusuf Abu Hatim ibn Muhammad Abi l-Yaqzan, Imam (894–895, 899–906)

*Yaʿqub ibn Aflah, Imam (895–899)

• Aghlabid Emirs

*Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab ibn Salim (800–812)

*Abdallah I ibn Ibrahim (812–817)

*Ziyadat Allah I ibn Ibrahim(817–838)

*al-Aghlab Abu Iqal ibn Ibrahim (838–841)

*Muhammad I ibn al-Aghlab Abi Affan (841–856)

*Ahmad ibn Muhammad (856–863)

*Ziyadat Allah II ibn Muhammad (863)

*Abu 'l-Gharaniq Muhammad II ibn Ahmad (863–875)

*Abu Ishaq Ibrahim II ibn Ahmad (875–902)

Africa: Northwest

• Barghawata (complete list) –

*Ilyâs ibn Sâlih, King (792–842)

*Yunus ibn Ilyas, King (c.842–888)

*Abu Ghafir Muhammad, King (c.888–917)

• Idrisid dynasty of Morocco (complete list) –

*Idris II, Emir (791–828)

*Muhammad ibn Idris, Emir (828–836)

*Ali ibn Idris, Emir (836–849)

*Yahya ibn Muhammad, Emir (849–863)

*Yahya ibn Yahya, Emir (863–866)

*Ali ibn Umar, Emir (866–unknown)

*Yahya ibn al-Qasim, Emir (unknown–905)

• Emirate of Nekor (complete list) –

*Sa'id I ibn Idris, Emir (760–803)

*Salih II ibn Sa'id, Emir (803–864)

*Sa'id II ibn Salih, Emir (864–916)

Americas

Americas: Mesoamerica

Maya civilization

• Calakmul (complete list) –

*Chan Pet, King (c. 849)

• Copán (complete list) –

*Yax Pasaj Chan Yopaat, King (763–post-810)

*Ukit Took, King (822–?)

• Palenque (complete list) –

*Janaab Pakal III, Ajaw (799–?)

• Tikal (complete list) –

*Nuun Ujol K'inich, Ajaw (c.800)

*Dark Sun, Ajaw (c.810)

*Jewel K'awiil, Ajaw (c.849)

*Jasaw Chan K'awiil II, Ajaw (c.869)

Asia

Asia: Central

Tibet

• Tibetan Empire (complete list) –

*Sadnalegs, Emperor (c.800/04–c.815)

*Ralpacan, Emperor (815–836)

*Langdarma, Emperor (836–842)

Uzbekistan

• Samanid Empire (complete list) –

*Nuh ibn Asad, Amir (819–841)

*Yahya ibn Asad, Amir (819–855)

*Ahmad ibn Asad, Amir (819–864)

*Ilyas ibn Asad, Amir (819–856)

*Ibrahim ibn Ilyas, Amir (856–867)

*Nasr I, Amir (864–892)

*Isma'il ibn Ahmad, Amir (892–907)

Asia: East

Turks

• Uyghur Khaganate (complete list) –

*Ai tengride ülüg bulmïsh alp qutlugh ulugh bilge, Khagan (795–808)

*Ai tengride qut bulmïsh külüg bilge, Khagan (808–821)

*Kün tengride ülüg bulmïsh alp küchlüg bilge, Khagan (821–824)

*Ai tengride qut bulmïsh alp bilge, Khagan (824–832)

*Ai tengride qut bulmïsh alp külüg bilge, Khagan (832–839)

*Kürebir, Khagan (839–840)

*Öge, Khagan (841–847)

China

• Tang dynasty (complete list) –

*Dezong, Emperor (780–805)

*Shunzong, Emperor (805)

*Xianzong, Emperor (806–820)

*Muzong, Emperor (821–824)

*Jingzong, Emperor (824–826)

*Wenzong, Emperor (826–840)

*Wuzong, Emperor (840–846)

*Xuānzong, Emperor (846–859)

*Yizong, Emperor (859–873)

*Xizong, Emperor (873–888)

*Zhaozong, Emperor (888–904)

Japan

• Heian period Japan (complete list) –

*Kanmu, Emperor (781–806)

*Heizei, Emperor (806–809)

*Saga, Emperor (809–823)

*Junna, Emperor (823–833)

*Ninmyō, Emperor (833–850)

*Montoku, Emperor (850–858)

*Seiwa, Emperor (858–876)

*Yōzei, Emperor (876–884)

*Kōkō, Emperor (884–887)

*Uda, Emperor (887–897)

*Daigo, Emperor (897–930)

Korea: North–South States Period

• Balhae (complete list) –

*Gang, King (794–809)

*Jeong, King (809–812)

*Hui, King (812–817)

*Gan, King (817–818)

*Seon, King (818–830)

*Dae Ijin, King (830–857)

*Dae Geonhwang, King (857–871)

*Dae Hyeonseok, King (871–894)

*Dae Wihae, King (894–906)

• Later Silla (complete list) –

*Aejang, King (800–809)

*Heondeok, King (809–826)

*Heungdeok, King (826–836)

*Huigang, King (836–838)

*Minae, King (838–839)

*Sinmu, King (839)

*Munseong, King (839–857)

*Heonan, King (857–861)

*Gyeongmun, King (861–875)

*Heongang, King (875–886)

*Jeonggang, King (886–887)

*Jinseong, King (887–897)

*Hyogong, King (897–912)

Asia: Southeast

Indonesia: Java

• Mataram kingdom: Shailendra dynasty/Sanjaya dynasty (complete list) –

*Samaragrawira, King (800—819)

*Samaratungga, King (812—833)

*Pramodhawardhani, Queen (833—856)

*Rakai Pikatan, King (838—850)

*Balaputra, King (835–860)

*Balitung, King (899–911)

• Sunda Kingdom (complete list) –

*Pucukbumi Darmeswara, Maharaja (795–819)

*Prabu Gajah Kulon Rakeyan Wuwus, Maharaja (819–891)

*Prabu Darmaraksa, Maharaja (891–895)

*Windusakti Prabu Dewageng, Maharaja (895–913)

Malaysia: Peninsular

• Kedah Sultanate (complete list) –

*Maha Jiwa, Maharaja (c.788–832)

*Karma II, Maharaja (c.832–880)

*Darma Raja II, Maharaja (c.880–956)

Thailand

• Ngoenyang (complete list) –

*Lao Gab, King (8th–9th century)

Vietnam

• Champa (complete list) –

*Indravarman I, King (c.787–c.803)

Asia: South

Afghanistan

• Ghurid dynasty (complete list) –

*Amir Suri, Malik (9th–10th century)

• Turk Shahi (complete list) –

*Pati Dumi, King (?–815)

*Lagaturman, King (815–c.850)

Bengal and Northeast India

• Chavda dynasty (complete list) –

*Vanaraja Chavda, King (c.765–780)

*Yogaraja, King (c.806–841)

*Ratnaditya, King (c.842–845)

*Vairisimha, King (c.845–856)

*Kshemaraja, King (c.856–880)

*Chamunda or Bhuyada, King (c.881–908)

• Kamarupa: Mlechchha dynasty (complete list) –

*Salambha, King (795–815)

*Harjjaravarman, King (815–832)

*Vanamalavarman, King (832–855)

*Jayamala, King (855–860)

*Balavarman III, King (860–880)

*Tyagasimha, King (890–900)

• Mallabhum (complete list) –

*Kharga Malla, King (841–862)

• Pala Empire (complete list) –

*Dharmapala, King (8th–9th century)

*Devapala, King (9th century)

*Mahendrapala, King (9th century)

*Shurapala I, King (9th century)

*Vigrahapala I, King (9th century)

*Narayanapala, King (9th–10th century)

India

• Chahamanas of Shakambhari (complete list) –

*Govindaraja I, King (c.809–836)

*Chandraraja II, King (c.836–863)

*Govindaraja II, King (c.863–890)

*Chandanaraja, King (c.890–917)

• Chandelas of Jejakabhukti (complete list) –

*Nannuka, King (c.831–845)

*Vakpati, King (c.845–865)

*Jayashakti (Jayaśakti) and Vijayashakti, King (c.865–885)

*Rahila, King (c.885–905)

• Eastern Chalukyas (complete list) –

*Vishnuvardhana IV, King (772–808)

*Vijayaditya II, King (808–847)

*Kali Vishnuvardhana V, King (847–849)

*Vijayaditya III, King (849–892)

*Chalukya Bhima I, King (892–921)

• Chera Perumals of Makotai (complete list) –

*Rama Rajasekhara, King (c.800–844)

*Sthanu Ravi Varma, King (c.844–883)

*Goda Ravi, King (c.883–913)

• Chola dynasty (complete list) –

*Vijayalaya Chola, King (c.850–870)

*Aditya I, King (870–907)

• Eastern Ganga dynasty (complete list) –

*Anantavarman III, King (c.808–812)

*Rajendravarman II, King (c.812–840)

*Devendravarman IV, King (893–?)

*Devendravarman V, King (c.885–895)

*Gunamaharnava I, King (c.895–939)

*Vajrahasta II (or Anangabhimadeva I), King (c.895–939)

• Western Ganga dynasty (complete list) –

*Shivamara II, King (788–816)

*Rachamalla I, King (816–843)

*Ereganga Neetimarga, King (843–870)

*Rachamalla II, King (870–907)

• Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (complete list) –

*Nagabhata II, King (800–833)

*Ramabhadra, King (833–836)

*Mihira Bhoja, King (836–885)

*Mahendrapala I, King (885–910)

• Kalachuris of Tripuri (complete list) –

*Lakshmanaraja I, King (825–850)

*Kokalla I, King (850–890)

*Shankaragana II, King (890–910)

• Kumaon Kingdom: Katyuri (complete list) –

*Basantana Dev, King (850–870)

*Kharpar Dev, King (870–880)

*Abhiraj Dev, King (880–890)

*Tribhuvanraj Dev, King (890–900)

*Nimbarta Dev, King (900–915)

• Pandyan dynasty (complete list) –

*Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan, King (765–815)

*Varagunan I, King (800–830)

*Srimara Srivallabha, King (815–862)

*Varagunavarman II, King (862–880)

*Parantaka Viranarayana, King (880–900)

*Maravarman Rajasimha II, King (900–920)

• Paramara dynasty of Malwa (complete list) –

*<small>The Pallava dynasty has two chronologies of rulers.</small>

*Dantivarman, King (late 8th–early 9th century)

*Nandivarman III, King (mid 9th century)

*Nirupathungan, King (late 9th century, only in Aiyangar chronology)

*Aparajitavarman, King (882/879–897)

*<small>The Pallava dynasty has two chronologies of rulers.</small>

*Upendra, King (c.800–c.818)

*Vairisimha I, King (9th century)

*Siyaka I, King (9th century)

*Vakpati I, King (9th–10th century)

• Rashtrakuta dynasty –

*Govinda III, King (793–814)

*Amoghavarsha, King (814–878)

*Krishna II, King (878–914)

• Sisodia (complete list) –

*Bhathabhatt, Rajput (790–813)

*Rawal singh, Rajput (813–820)

*Khumman II, Rajput (820–853)

*Mahayak, Rajput (853–878)

Sri Lanka

• Anuradhapura Kingdom, Sri Lanka (complete list) –

*Mahinda II, King (787–807)

*Dappula II, King (807–812)

*Mahinda III, King (812–816)

*Aggabodhi VIII, King (816–827)

*Dappula III, King (827–843)

*Aggabodhi IX, King (843–846)

*Sena I, King (846–866)

*Sena II, King (866–901)

Asia: West

Mesopotamia

• Abbasid Caliphate, Baghdad (complete list) –

*Harun al-Rashid, Caliph (786–809)

*al-Amin, Caliph (809–813)

*al-Ma'mun, Caliph (813–833)

*al-Mu'tasim, Caliph (833–842)

*al-Wathiq, Caliph (842–847)

*al-Mutawakkil, Caliph (847–861)

*al-Muntasir, Caliph (861–862)

*al-Musta'in, Caliph (862–866)

*al-Mu'tazz, Caliph (866–869)

*al-Muhtadi, Caliph (869–870)

*al-Mu'tamid, Caliph (870–892)

*al-Mu'tadid, Caliph (892–902)

Persia

• Saffarid dynasty (complete list) –

*Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar, Amir (861–879)

*Amr ibn al-Layth, Amir (879–901)

• Samanid Empire (complete list) –

*Nuh ibn Asad, Amir (819–841)

*Yahya ibn Asad, Amir (819–855)

*Ahmad ibn Asad, Amir (819–864)

*Ilyas ibn Asad, Amir (819–856)

*Ibrahim ibn Ilyas, Amir (856–867)

*Nasr I, Amir (864–892)

*Isma'il ibn Ahmad, Amir (892–907)

Yemen

• Yemeni Zaidi State (complete list) –

*Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, Imam (783–818)

*Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, Caliph (815-818)

*al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya, Imam (897–911)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

• First Bulgarian Empire (complete list) –

*Kardam, Khan (777–803)

*Krum, Khan (803–814)

*Omurtag, Khan (814–831)

*Malamir, Khan (831–836)

*Presian I, Khan (836–852)

*Boris I, Knyaz (852–889)

*Vladimir, Knyaz (889–893)

*Simeon I, Emperor (893–927)

• Byzantine Empire (complete list) –

*Irene, Regent (780–790, 792–797), Empress (797–802)

*Nikephoros I, Emperor (802–811)

*Staurakios, Co-Emperor (802–811), Emperor (811)

*Michael I Rangabe, Emperor (811–813)

*Theophylact, Co-Emperor (811–813)

*Leo V the Armenian, Emperor (813–820)

*Constantine (Symbatios), Junior Emperor (813–820)

*Michael II the Amorian, Emperor (820–829)

*Theophilos, Emperor (829–842)

*Michael III, Emperor (842–867)

*Basil I the Macedonian, Emperor (867–886)

*Leo VI the Wise, Co-Emperor (870–886), Emperor (886–912)

• Emirate of Crete (complete list) –

*Abu Hafs Umar al-Iqritishi, Emir (827/828–c.855)

*Shu'ayb ibn Umar, Emir (c.855–880)

*Abu Abdallah Umar ibn Shu'ayb, Emir (c.880–895)

*Muhammad ibn Shu'ayb al-Zarkun, Emir (c.895–910)

• Duchy of Croatia (complete list) –

*Višeslav, Duke (c.785–c.802)

*Borna, Duke (c.810–821)

*Vladislav, Duke (821–c.823)

*Ljudemisl, Duke (c.823–c.835)

*Mislav, Duke (c.835–c.845)

*Trpimir I, Duke (845–864)

*Domagoj, Duke (864–876)

*Iljko, Duke (876–878)

*Zdeslav, Duke (878–879)

*Muncimir, Duke (892–910)

• Principality of Serbia (complete list) –

*Višeslav, King (814–822)

*Radoslav, Prince (814–822)

*Prosigoj, Prince (?–c.830)

*Vlastimir, Prince (c.830–851)

*Mutimir, Prince (c.850–891)

*Pribislav, Prince (891–892)

*Petar, Prince (892–917)

Europe: British Isles

Great Britain: Scotland

• Dál Riata (complete list) –

*Caustantín mac Fergusa, King (unknown)

*Conall mac Taidg, King (c.805–807)

*Conall mac Áedáin, King (c.807–811)

*Domnall mac Caustantín, King (c.811–835)

*Óengus II, King (unknown)

*Eóganán mac Óengusa, King (unknown)

*Áed mac Boanta, King (c.835–839)

*Alpín mac Echdach, King (unknown)

*Cináed mac Ailpín, King (unknown)

• Picts (complete list) –

*Constantine (I), King (789–820)

*Óengus II, King (820–834)

*Drest IX, King (834–837)

*Eóganan, King (837–839)

*Uurad, competitor King (839–842)

*Bridei VI, competitor King (842–843)

*Ciniod II, competitor King (843)

*Bridei VII, competitor King (843–845)

*Drest X, competitor King (845–848)

• The Picts, traditionally The Scots (complete list) –

*Kenneth MacAlpin, King (843–858)

*Domnall mac Ailpí, or Donald I, King (858–862)

*Causantín mac Cináeda, or Constantine I (II), King (862–877)

*Áed mac Cináeda, King (877–878)

*Giric, King (878–889)

*Eochaid, disputed King (c.878–889)

*Donald II, King (889–900)

*Constantine II (III), King (900–943)

• Kingdom of Strathclyde / Alt Clut (complete list) –

*Cynan, King (798–816)

*Dumnagual IV, King (816–?)

*Constantine, King (? 859)

*Neithon, King (859–?)

*Artgal, King (?–872)

*Run, King (872–878)

*Eochaid, King (uncertain)

*Donald I, King (889–900)

*Donald II, King (889–900)

*Constantine II (III), King (900–943)

• Lochlann –

*Gofraid of Lochlann, King (pre-872–873)

• Isle of Man (complete list) –

*Gwriad, King (?–825)

*Merfyn Frych, King (825–836)

• Kingdom of the Isles (complete list) –

*Ketill Flatnose, King (9th century)

Great Britain: Northumbria

• Kingdom of Northumbria (complete list) –

*Eardwulf, King (796–806/808)

*Ælfwald II, King (806/808–808/810)

*Eanred, King (810–841)

*Æthelred II, King (840/841–844, 858–862)

*Redwulf, King (844)

*Osberht, King (844–848/849, 867)

*Ælla II, King (862/863–867)

• Norse era Northumbria / Scandinavian York (complete list) –

*Ecgberht, King (867–872)

*Ricsige, King (872–876)

*Halfdan Ragnarsson, King (876–877)

*Interregnum

*Guthfrith I, King (c.883–895)

*Siefredus, King (c.895–900)

*Cnut, King (c.900–905)

Great Britain: England

• The Britons (complete list) –

*Cynan Dindaethwy, King (798–816)

*Merfyn Frych, King (825–844)

*Rhodri ap Merfyn, King (844–878)

*Anarawd ap Rhodri, King (878–916)

• Kingdom of East Anglia (complete list) –

*Cœnwulf, King (?–821), also King of Kent and of Mercia

*Ceolwulf, King (821–823), also King of Kent and of Mercia

*Beornwulf, King (823–826), also King of Mercia

*Æthelstan, King post-827–840s)

*Æthelweard, King (840s–854)

*Edmund the Martyr, King (855–869)

*Oswald, Sub-King (870s)

*Æthelred II, Sub-King (870s)

*Guthrum, King (879–890)

*Eohric, King (890–902)

• Kingdom of Essex (complete list) –

*Sigered

:*King (798–812)

:*Duke (812–825)

• Kingdom of Kent (complete list) –

*Cuthred, King (797/798–807)

*Coenwulf, King (fl. 809)

*Ceolwulf I, King (fl. 822–823)

*Baldred, King (?–825)

*Egbert, King (825–839)

*Æthelwulf, King (825–858)

*Æthelstan, King (fl. 839–851)

*Æthelberht, King (fl. 855–866)

*Æthelred, King (866–871)

• Mercia (complete list –

*Coenwulf, King (796–821), also King of Kent and of East Anglia

*Ceolwulf I, King (821–823), also King of Kent and of East Anglia

*Beornwulf, King (823–826), also King of East Anglia

*Ludeca, King (826–827)

*Wiglaf, King (827–829, 830–839)

*Ecgberht, King (829–830)

*Wigmund, King (c.840)

*Ælfflæd, Regent (c.840)

*Beorhtwulf, King (840–852)

*Burgred, King (852–874)

*Ceolwulf II, King (874–c.879)

*Æthelred II, Lord (c.881–911)

• Kingdom of Wessex (complete list) –

*Beorhtric, King (786–802)

*Egbert, King (802–839)

*Æthelwulf, King (839–858)

*Æthelbald, King (858–860)

*Æthelberht, King (860–865)

*Æthelred, King (865–871)

*Alfred the Great, King (871–899)

*Edward the Elder, King (899–924)

Great Britain: Wales

• Glywysing (complete list) –

*Arthfael Hen ap Rhys, King (785–c.825)

*Rhys ap Arthfael, King (c.830–c.840)

*Hywel ap Rhys, King (c.840–886)

*Owain ap Hywel, King (886–c.930)

• Gwent (complete list) –

*Athrwys ap Ffernfael, King (774–810)

*Idwallon ap Gwrgant, King (810–842)

*Ithel ap Hywel, King (842–848)

*Meurig ap Hywel, King (848–849)

*Meurig ap Arthfael Hen, King (849–874)

*Ffernfael ap Meurig, King (fl. 880s)

*Brochfael ap Meurig, King (c.872-910)

• Kingdom of Gwynedd (complete list) –

*Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri, King (c.798–816)

*Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog, King (814–825)

*Merfyn Frych, King (825–844)

*Rhodri the Great, King (844–878)

*Anarawd ap Rhodri, King (878–916)

• Seisyllwg –

*, King (770–807)

*Gwgon ap Meurig, King (808–872)

*Cadell ap Rhodri, King (872–909)

• Kingdom of Powys (complete list) –

*Cadell ap Brochfael, King (773–808)

*Cyngen ap Cadell, King (808–854)

*Rhodri Mawr, King (854–878)

*Merfyn ap Rhodri, King (878–900)

*Llywelyn ap Merfyn, King (900–942)

Ireland

• Ireland (complete list) –

*Áed Oirdnide, High King (793–817)

*Conchobar mac Donnchada, High King (819–833)

*Fedelmid mac Crimthainn, High King (836–841)

*Niall Caille, High King (832–846)

*Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid, High King (846–860)

*Áed Findliath, High King (861–876)

*Flann Sinna, High King (877–914)

• Kingdom of Ailech (complete list) –

*Áed Oirdnide mac Néill, King (788–819)

*Murchad mac Máele Dúin, King (819–823)

*Niall Caille mac Áeda, King (823–846)

*Máel Dúin mac Áeda, King (846–?)

*Áed Findliath mac Néill, King (c.855–879)

*Murchad mac Máele Dúin, King (879–887)

*Flaithbertach mac Murchado, King (887–896)

*Domnall mac Áeda, King (887–915)

*Niall Glúndub mac Áeda, King (896–919)

• Airgíalla (complete list) –

*Cu Masach mac Cathal, King (?–825)

*Gofraidh mac Fearghus, King (fl.835)

*Foghartaigh mac Mael Breasal, King (?–850/852)

*Congalach mac Finnachta, King (?–874)

*Mael Padraig mac Mael Curarada, King (?–882)

*Maol Craoibh ua Duibh Sionach, King (?–917)

• Kingdom of Breifne (complete list) –

*Muircheartach mac Donnghal, King (c.800–806)

*Mael Dúin mac Échtgal, King (?–822)

*Ceallach son of Cearnach, King (?)

*Tighearnán mac Seallachan, King (c.888)

*Ruarc mac Tighearnáin, Lord (c.893)

• Connachta (complete list) –

*Muirgius mac Tommaltaig, King (796–815)

*Diarmait mac Tommaltaig, King (815–833)

*Cathal mac Muirgiussa, King (833–839)

*Murchad mac Áedo, King (839–840)

*Fergus mac Fothaid, King (840–843)

*Conchobar mac Taidg Mór, King (872–882)

*Áed mac Conchobair, King (882–888)

*Tadg mac Conchobair, King (888–900)

*Cathal mac Conchobair, King (900–925)

• Kingdom of Dublin (complete list) –

*Amlaíb Conung, King (c.853–871)

*Ímar, King (c.857–873)

*Auisle, King (c.863–867)

*Oistin mac Amlaíb, possibly king (873–875)

*Halfdan Ragnarsson, disputed king (875–877)

*Bárid mac Ímair, King (873–881)

*Sichfrith mac Ímair, King (?–888)

*Sitriuc mac Ímair, King (?–896)

*Sichfrith Jarl, disputed king (893–?)

*Glúniarann, King (c.895)

*Ímar ua Ímair, King (?–904)

• Leinster (complete list) –

*Fínsnechta Cethardec, King (795–808)

*Muiredach mac Brain (died 818), King (808–818)

*Muiredach mac Ruadrach, King (818–829)

*Cellach mac Brain, King (829–834)

*Bran mac Fáeláin, King (834–838)

*Túathal mac Máele-Brigte, King (851–854)

*Ruarc mac Brain, King (854–862)

*Muirecán mac Diarmata, King (862–863)

*Dúnlaing mac Muiredaig, King (863–869)

*Ailill mac Dúnlainge (died 871), King (869–871)

*Domnall mac Muirecáin, King (871–884)

*Muiredach mac Brain, King (884–885)

*Cerball mac Muirecáin, King (885–909)

• Kingdom of Meath (complete list) –

*Muiredach mac Domnaill Midi, King (799–802)

*Diarmait mac Donnchado, King (802–803)

*Conchobar mac Donnchado, King (803–833)

*Niall mac Diarmato, King (?–826)

*Máel Ruanaid mac Donnchada Midi, King (833–843)

*Fland mac Maele Ruanaid, King (843–845)

*Máel Sechnaill mac Maíl Ruanaid, King (845–862)

*Lorcán mac Cathail, King (862–864)

*Conchobar mac Donnchado, King (?–864)

*Donnchad mac Aedacain, King (864–877)

*Flann Sinna mac Maíl Sechnaill, King (877–916)

• Uí Maine (complete list) –

*Dub Dá Leithe mac Tomaltach, King (?–816)

*Cathal mac Murchadh, King (794–816)

*Cathal mac Ailell, King (834–844)

*Mughroin mac Sochlachan, King (?–904)

• Ulaid / Ulster (complete list) –

*Eochaid mac Fiachnai, King (790–810)

*Cairell mac Fiachnai, King (810–819)

*Máel Bressail mac Ailillo, King (819–825)

*Muiredach mac Eochada, King (825–839)

*Matudán mac Muiredaig, King (839–857)

*Lethlobar mac Loingsig, King (857–873)

*Cathalán mac Indrechtaig, King (857–871)

*Ainbíth mac Áedo, King (873–882)

*Eochocán mac Áedo, King (882–883)

*Airemón mac Áedo, King (882–886)

*Fiachnae mac Ainbítha, King (886–886)

*Bécc mac Airemóin, King (886–893)

*Muiredach mac Eochocáin, King (893–895)

*Máel Mocheirge mac Indrechtaig, King (893–896)

*Aitíth mac Laigni, King (896–898)

*Cenn Etig mac Lethlobair, King (896–900)

*Áed mac Eochocáin, King (898–919)

Europe: Central

• East Francia, <small>later Kingdom of Germany</small> (complete list) –

*Louis the German, King (843–876)

*Louis the Younger, King (880–882)

*Charles the Fat, King (882–887)

*Arnulf, King (887–899)

*Louis the Child, King (899–911)

• Duchy of Alsace (see also) –

*Charles, Duke (829–831)

*Hugh, Duke (867–885)

• Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg (complete list) –

*, Prince-bishop (887–909)

• Duchy of Bavaria (complete list) –

*Louis II the German, King (817–843)

*Carloman, King (876–880)

*Louis III the Younger, King (880–882)

*Charles the Fat, King (882–887)

*Engeldeo, Margrave (890–895)

*Luitpold, Margrave (895–907)

• Bohemians –

*Lech, Prince (?–805)

• Duchy of Bohemia (complete list) –

*Bořivoj I (c.867–c.889)

*Spytihněv I (c.894–915)

• March of Carinthia –

*Gundachar, Margrave (858–863), Prefect (863–869)

• Duchy of Franconia (complete list) –

*Henry, Margrave (882–892)

• County of Hainaut (complete list) –

*Reginar I, Count (870–898, 908–915)

*Sigard, Count (898–908)

• County of Frisia / County of Holland (complete list) –

*Gerolf, Count (880–896)

*Dirk I, Count (896–931)

• Lotharingia (complete list) –

*Lothair II, King (855–869)

*Charles the Bald, King (869–870)

*Louis the Younger, King (880–882)

*Charles the Fat, King (882–887)

*Arnulf of Carinthia, King (887–895)

*Zwentibold, King (895–900)

*Louis the Child, King (900–911)

• Magyar tribes (complete list) –

*Álmos, Grand Prince (c.850–c.895)

*Árpád, Grand Prince (c.895–c.907)

• Prince-Bishopric of Mainz (complete list) –

*Richholf, Prince-archbishop (787–813)

*Adolf, Prince-archbishop (813–826)

*Odgar, Prince-archbishop (826–847)

*Rabanus Maurus, Prince-archbishop (848–856)

*Karl, Prince-archbishop (856–863)

*Ludbert, Prince-archbishop (863–889)

*Sunderhold, Prince-archbishop (889–891)

*Hatto I, Prince-archbishop (891–913)

• Great Moravia (complete list) –

*Mojmir I, Duke (c.830–846)

*Rastislav, Duke (846–870)

*Slavomir, Duke (871)

*Svatopluk I, Duke (870–871, (871–pre-885), King (pre-885–894)

*Mojmír II, Duke (894–906)

• Margraviate of the Nordgau –

*Ernest, Margrave (?–861)

*Rodold, Margrave (861–c.880)

*Engeldeo, Margrave (c.880–895)

*Luitpold, Margrave (895–903)

• Obotrites (complete list) –

*Thrasco, Prince (?–c.800)

*Slavomir, Prince (pre-810–819)

*Ceadrag, Prince (819–post-826)

*Selibur, Prince (9th century?)

• Duchy of Saxony (complete list) –

*Abo, Duke (fl.c.785–811)

*Widukind, Duke (fl.c.777–810)

*Liudolf I, Duke (850–864/866)

*Bruno, Duke (864/866–880)

*Otto I, Duke (880–912)

• March of Pannonia (complete list) –

*Radbod, Margrave/Prefect (833–854)

*Carloman of Bavaria, Margrave/Prefect (856–?)

*William, co-Margrave (?–871)

*Engelschalk I, co-Margrave (?–871)

*Aribo, Margrave (871–909)

*Engelschalk II, Margrave in opposition (c.871–893)

*Luitpold, Margrave (893–907)

• Sorbs –

*Miliduch, Duke (fl.790–806)

*Tunglo, Duke (?–826)

*Czimislav, King (fl.830–840)

*Čestibor, King (c.840–859)

*Slavibor, Prince (c.859–894)

*Dragomir, Prince (894–?)

• Prince-Bishopric of Speyer (complete list) –

*Goddank, Prince-bishop (881–895/898)

*Einhard, Prince-bishop (895/898–913)

• Landgraviate of Sundgau –

*Hugo, Graf, Count (866–869)

*Liutfrid, Count (876–902)

• Duchy of Thuringia (complete list) –

*Thachulf, Duke (849–873)

*Radulf II, Duke (874–880)

*Poppo, Duke (880–892)

*Egino, Duke (882–886)

*Conrad, Duke (892–906)

• Elector-Bishopric of Trier (complete list) –

*Radbod, Prince-bishop (898–915)

• Prince-Bishopric of Worms (complete list) –

*Gunzo, Prince-bishop (859–872)

*Adelhelm, Prince-bishop (873–890)

*Dietlach, Prince-bishop (890–914)

Europe: East

• Volga Bulgaria (complete list) –

*Tuqyi, ruler (765–815)

*Aidar, ruler (815–865)

*Şilki, Iltäbär (865–882)

*Batyr Mö'min, ruler (882–895)

*Almış, Emir (895–925)

• Khazar Khaganate (complete list) –

Ashina dynasty: Khazar Khagans

*Khan-Tuvan, Khagan (c.825–830)

*Tarkhan, Khagan (840s)

*Zachariah, Khagan (c.861)

Bulanid dynasty

*Obadiah, ruler (c.786–809)

*Hezekiah, ruler (mid 9th-century)

*Manasseh I, ruler (mid 9th-century)

*Chanukkah, ruler (mid 9th-century)

*Isaac, ruler (late 9th-century)

*Zebulun, ruler (late 9th-century)

*Manasseh II, ruler (late 9th-century)

*Nisi ben Menasseh, ruler (late 9th-century)

*Aaron I, ruler (c.900)

• Slavs of Lower Pannonia –

*Vojnomir, Duke (c.790–810)

*Ljudevit (Lower Pannonia), Duke (c.810–823)

*Ratimir, Duke (c.829–838)

*Pribina, Prince (c.846–861)

*Kocel, Prince (c.861–c.876)

*Braslav, Duke (c.882–896)

Europe: Nordic

• Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) (complete list) –

*Harald Fairhair, King (c.872–930)

• Kingdom of Sweden (complete list) –

*Björn Ironside, King (early 9th century)

*Erik Björnsson, King (early 9th century)

*Erik Refilsson, King (early 9th century)

*Anund Uppsale, King (early 9th century)

*Björn at Hauge, King (c.829–831)

*Olof I of Sweden, King (mid 9th century)

*Erik Anundsson, King (mid 9th century)

Europe: Southcentral

Holy Roman Empire in Italy

• Kingdom of Italy (complete list) –

*Pepin, King (781–810)

*Bernard, King (810–818)

*Louis I, King (818–822)

*Lothair I, King (822–855)

*Louis II, King (844–875)

*Charles II the Bald, King (875–877)

*Carloman, King (877–879)

*Charles III the Fat, King (879–887)

Integrum: Simultaneous claimants

:*Berengar I, King (888–896)

:*Guy of Spoleto, King (889–894)

:*Lambert of Spoleto, King (891–896)

:*Arnulf of Carinthia, King (894–899)

::*Ratold, sub-King (896)

:*Berengar I, King (896–924)

:*Lambert of Spoleto, King (896–898)

:*Louis III of Provence, King (900–905)

• Principality of Benevento (complete list) –

*Grimoald III, Prince (787–806)

*Grimoald IV, Prince (806–817)

*Sico I, Prince (817–832)

*Sicard, Prince (832–839)

*Radelchis I, Prince (839–851)

*Radelgar, Prince (851–854)

*Adelchis, Prince (854–878)

*Waifer, Prince (878–881)

*Radelchis II, Prince (881–884, 897–900)

*Aiulf II, Prince (884–890)

*Orso, Prince (890–891)

*Guy, Prince (895–897)

*Peter of Benevento, Regent (897)

*Radelchis II, Prince (881–884, 897–900)

*Atenulf I, Prince (900–910)

• March of Istria –

*John, Duke (c.804)

• Papal States (complete list) –

*Leo III, Pope (795–816)

*Stephen IV, Pope (816–817)

*Paschal I, Pope (817–824)

*Eugene II, Pope (824–827)

*Valentine, Pope (827)

*Gregory IV, Pope (827–844)

*Sergius II, Pope (844–847)

*Leo IV, Pope (847–855)

*Benedict III, Pope (855–858)

*Nicholas I, Pope (858–867)

*Adrian II, Pope (867–872)

*John VIII, Pope (872–882)

*Marinus I, Pope (882–884)

*Adrian III, Pope (884–885)

*Stephen V, Pope (885–891)

*Formosus, Pope (891–896)

*Boniface VI, Pope (896)

*Stephen VI, Pope (896–897)

*Romanus, Pope (897)

*Theodore II, Pope (897)

*John IX, Pope (898–900)

*Benedict IV, Pope (900–903)

• Duchy of Spoleto (complete list) –

*Winiges, Duke (789–822)

*Suppo I, Duke (822–824)

*Adelard, Duke (824)

*Mauring, Duke (824)

*Adelchis I, Duke (824–834)

*Lambert of Nantes, Duke (834–836)

*Berengar, Duke (836–841)

*Guy I, Duke (842–859)

*Lambert I, Duke (859–871)

*Suppo II, Duke (871–876)

*Lambert I, Duke (876–880)

*Guy II, Duke (880–883)

*Guy III, Duke (883–894)

*Lambert II, Duke (894–898)

*Guy IV, Duke (895–898)

*Alberic I, Duke (898–922)

*Pietro I Candiano, Doge (887–888)

*Pietro Tribuno, Doge (888–912)

• March of Tuscany (complete list) –

*Boniface I, Margrave (812–813)

*Boniface II, Margrave (828–834)

*Aganus, Margrave (835–845)

*Adalbert I, Margrave (847–886)

*Adalbert II the Rich, Margrave (886–915)

• Republic of Venice (complete list) –

*Giovanni Galbaio, Doge (787–804)

*Obelerio Antenoreo, Doge (804–811)

*Agnello Participazio, Doge (811–827)

*Giustiniano Participazio, Doge (827–829)

*Giovanni I Participazio, Doge (829–837)

*Pietro Tradonico, Doge (837–864)

*Orso I Participazio, Doge (864–881)

*Giovanni II Participazio, Doge (881–887)

*Pietro I Candiano, Doge (887–888)

*Pietro Tribuno, Doge (888–912)

Europe: Southwest

Iberian Peninsula

• Kingdom of Asturias (complete list) –

*Alfonso II, King (791–842)

*Nepotian, King (842)

*Ramiro I, King (842–850)

*Ordoño I, King (850–866)

*Alfonso III, King (866–910)

• Emirate of Córdoba (complete list) –

*al-Hakam I, Emir (796–822)

*Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir (822–852)

*Muhammad I, Emir (852–886)

*Al-Mundhir, Emir (886–888)

*Abdallah ibn Muhammad, Emir (888–912)

Marca Hispanica

• County of Osona (complete list) –

*Borrell, Count (798–820)

*Rampon, Count (820–825)

*Bernard, Count (825–826)

*Aisso, Count (826–827)

*Guillemó, Count (826–827)

• County of Cerdanya (complete list) –

*Borrell, Count (798–820)

*Aznar Galíndez, Count (820–824)

*Galindo Aznárez, Count (824–834)

*Sunifred I, Count (834–848)

*Solomon, Count (848–869)

*Wilfred I the Hairy, Count (869–897)

*Miró II, Count (897–927)

• County of Urgell (complete list) –

*Borrell, Count (798–820)

*Aznar I Galíndez, Count (820–824)

*Galindo I Aznárez, Count (824–834)

*Sunifred I, Count (834–848)

*Solomon (or Miró), Count (848–870)

*Wilfred the Hairy, Count (870–897)

*Sunifred II, Count (898–948)

Europe: West

Franks

• Frankish Empire (complete list) –

*Charlemagne, King (768–814), Holy Roman Emperor (800–814)

*Louis I the Pious, King and Holy Roman Emperor (813–840)

Middle Francia

• Middle Francia –

*Lothair I, King (843–855)

• Upper Burgundy (complete list) –

*Lothar II, King (855–869)

*Rudolph I, King (888–912)

• Lotharingia (complete list) –

*Lothair II, King (855–869)

*Charles the Bald, King (869–870)

*Louis the Younger, King (880–882)

*Charles the Fat, King (882–887)

*Arnulf of Carinthia, King (887–895)

*Zwentibold, King (895–900)

*Louis the Child, King (900–911)

West Francia

• West Francia (complete list) –

*Charles II, called the Bald, 843–877

:*Aquitaine: Charles the Child, 855–866; Louis the Stammerer, 866–877

:*Neustria: Louis the Stammerer, 856–877

*Louis II, called the Stammerer, 877–879

*Louis III, 879–882, jointly with

*Carloman II, 879–884

*Charles the Fat, 884–888, Emperor 881

*Odo,* 888–898

:*Aquitaine: Ranulf II, 888–889 (Ramnulfid, not Carolingian)

*Charles the Simple, King (898–922)

• Duchy of Aquitaine (complete list) –

*William I (893–918)

• County of Artois (complete list) –

*Odalric, Count (c.850s)

*Altmar, Count (c.890s)

*Adelelm, Count (?–932)

• Auvergne (complete list) –

*Guerin of Provence, Count (819–839)

*Gerard, Count of Auvergne, Count (839–841)

*William I, Count (841–846)

*Bernard I, Count (846–858)

• County of Boulogne (complete list) –

*Baldwin I, Count (896–918)

• Duchy of Brittany (complete list) –

*Alan I (876–907)

• Duchy of Burgundy (complete list) –

*Richard the Justiciar (898–921)

• Duchy of Gascony (complete list) –

*Gassia II (893–c.930)

• County of Paris (complete list) –

*Stephen, Count (778–811)

*Beggo, Count (815–816)

*Leuthard I of Paris, Count (816)

*Gerard II, Count (816)

*Leuthard II of Paris, Count (816–?)

*Conrad, Count (858–859)

*Adalard, Count (877)

• County of Poitou (complete list) –

*Renaud, Count (795–843)

*, Count (814–828)

*Bernard II, Count (840–844)

*Emenon, Count (828–839)

*Ranulph I, Count (839–866)

*Ranulph II, Count (866–890)

*Robert I, Count (866–923)

*Aymar, Count (892–902)

*Ebalus, Count (890–893, 902–935)

• Kingdom of Provence (complete list) –

*Louis the Blind, King (887–928)

• County of Toulouse (complete list) –

*William of Gellone, Count (790–806)

*Beggo, Count (806–816)

*Berengar, Count (816–835)

*Bernard of Septimania, Count (835–842)

*Acfred, Count (842–843)

*William of Septimania, Count (844–849)

*Fredelon, Count (844–852)

*Raymond I, Count (852–863)

*Humfrid, Count (863–865)

*Sunyer, Count (863–865)

*Bernard II, Count (865–877)

*Bernard III Plantapilosa, Count (877–886)

*Odo, Count (886–918)

*William II of Aquitaine, Count (858–862, 918–926)

*Stephen, Count (862–863)

*Bernard Plantapilosa, Count (864–886)

*William I of Aquitaine, Count (886–918)

Eurasia: Caucasus

• Kingdom of Abkhazia (complete list) –

*Leon II, King (c.767–811)

*Theodosius II, King (c.811–837)

*Demetrius II, King (c.837–872)

*George I, King (c.872–878)

*Bagrat I, King (c.887–898)

*Constantine III, King (c.898–916)

• Arminiya (complete list) –

*Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani, Emir (799–801)

*Asad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani, Emir (801–802)

*Muhammad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani, Emir (802–803)

*Khuzayma ibn Khazim, Emir (803–?)

*Asad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani, Emir (c. 810)

*Ishaq ibn Sulayman, Emir (c. 813)

*Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad, Emir (813–?)

*Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad, Emir (828–832)

*Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad, Emir (841)

*Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad, Emir (c. 842–844)

*Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Shaybani, Emir (c. 842/844–?)

*Abu Sa'id Muhammad al-Marwazi, Emir (849–851)

*Yusuf ibn Abi Sa'id al-Marwazi, Emir (851–852)

*Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Shaybani, Emir (857–862)

*Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani, Emir (862–863)

*Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani, Emir (870–878)

• Bagratid Armenia (complete list) –

*Ashot I, King (884–890)

*Smbat I, King (890–912)

• Kingdom of Hereti (complete list) –

*Sahl Smbatean, Prince (815–840)

*Adarnase I, Prince (840–865)

*Hama I, Prince (865–893)

*Adarnase II, King (897–943)

• Principality of Iberia (complete list) –

*Ashot I, Prince (813–830)

*Bagrat I, Prince (842/843–876)

*David I, Prince (876–881)

*Gurgen I, Prince (881–891)

• Kingdom of the Iberians (complete list) –

*Adarnase IV, King (888–923)

• First Kingdom of Kakheti (complete list) –

*Juansher, Prince (786–807)

*Grigol, Prince (786–827)

*Vache Kvabulidze, Prince (827–839)

*Samuel, Donauri, Prince (839–861)

*Gabriel, Donauri, Prince (861–881)

*Padla I Arevmaneli, Prince (881–893)

*Kvirike I, Prince (893–918)

• Klarjeti (complete list) –

*Sumbat I Mampali, King (870–889)

*Bagrat I, King (889–900)

*David I, King (900–943)

Oceania

Easter Island

• Easter Island (complete list) –

*Ouaraa, King (c.800)

*Koroharua, King (?)

*Mahuta Ariiki, King (?)

*Atua Ure Rangi, King (?)

*Atuamata, King (?)

*Uremata, King (?)

See also

• List of political entities in the 9th century

References