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List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms

The Parthian Empire ruled over an area roughly corresponding to present-day Iran from the third century BC to the third century AD. It contained a varying number of subordinate semi-autonomous kingdoms each with its own ruler.

Lists of rulers

Arsacids of Armenia 12–428 AD

Arsacids of Media 144 BC – 232 AD

  • Vologases (Bagasha) 144–122 BC
  • Arsaces 122–111
  • Artaxerxes 111–97
  • Artabanus 97–88
  • Mithridates 88–67
  • Darius 67–65
  • Mithridates 65–55
  • Orodes 55–50
  • Pacorus 50–38
  • ?Tiridates c. 30–25
  • ?Mithridates 12–9 BC
  • ?Orodes c. 4–6 AD
  • Artabanus 9–12 AD
  • ...
  • Vonones c. 45–51
  • Pacorus 51–75 son of Vonones
  • ...
  • Arsaces c. 136 AD
  • ?Pacorus to 163 AD
  • ...
  • Vologases to 208
  • ...
  • Artabanus 213–226
  • Pacorus from 226 AD son of Artabanus

Arsacid kings of Iberia 123 BC – c. 230 AD

Arsacids of Caucasian Albania 123 BC – c. 490 AD

Arsacids of Hyrcania c. 170 BC – c. 230 AD

Indo-Parthians c. 20 –c. 240 AD

Indo-Parthian rulers of Sistan (Drangiana)

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Indo-Parthian rulers of Arachosia (Kandahar)

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Indo-Parthian rulers of Jammu

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Indo-Parthian rulers of Indus shore (Balochistan)

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Indo-Parthian rulers of Gandhara

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Indo-Parthian rulers of Taxila

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Indo-Parthian rulers of North Arachosia (Bagram)

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  • Gondophares I Great king of kings, Autocrator, Soter (c. 20 BC – first years AD)
  • Abdagases I Great king, Soter (first years AD – mid-1st century AD)

Kings of Merv & Abarshahr c. 10–c. 250 AD

Source:

  • ? cont. with Phraates V
  • ? cont. with Artabanus II
  • ? cont. with Gotarzes II and Vardanes I
  • D ... c. 50 AD
  • Po ... cont. with Vologases I
  • Sanabares c. 2nd half of the 1st century AD
  • Pacores c. 100 AD
  • ? cont. with Vologases III and Mithridates IV
  • ? cont. with Vologases III and Mithridates IV
  • Tiren cont. with Vologases IV
  • ? cont. with Vologases IV
  • Ardashir c. 200 AD
  • ? 1st half of the 3rd century
  • ? 1st half of the 3rd century
  • ? c. 250 AD

Kings of Persis c. 230 BC – c. 210 AD

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Rulers of Hatra (2nd century BCE – 2nd century CE)

In inscriptions found at Hatra, several rulers are mentioned, while other rulers are sporadically mentioned by classical authors.

They appear with two titles: the earlier rulers are called mry (translation uncertain, perhaps administrator), the later ones mlk -king – see Kingdom of Hatra.

Kings of Elymais c. 147 BC – c. 224 AD

  • Kamnaskires I Soter (c. 147 BC?)
  • Kamnaskires II Nikephoros (c 145–c. 139 BC)
  • Okkonapses (c. 139/138–c. 137 BC), rebel
  • Tigraios (c. 137–c. 132 bc), rebel
  • Darius Soter (c. 129 BC), rebel
  • Pittit (125–124 BC), rebel
  • Kamnaskires III (c. 82–62/61 BC), co-ruler with Anzaze
  • Anzaze (c. 82–62/61 BC), co-ruler with Kamnaskires III
  • Kamnaskires IV (1st century BC)
  • Kamnaskires V (1st century BC)
  • Kamnaskires VI (1st century AD)
  • Orodes I (1st century)
  • Orodes II, also known as Kamnaskires-Orodes (1st/2nd century)
  • Phraates (1st/2nd century)
  • Osroes (2nd century)
  • Orodes III (2nd century), co-ruler with Ulfan
  • Ulfan (2nd century), co-ruler with Orodes III
  • Abar-Basi (2nd century)
  • Orodes IV (2nd/3rd century)
  • Khwasak (3rd century)
  • Orodes V (3rd century)

Kings of Characene c. 170 BC–c. 222 AD

Source:

Kings of Osrhoene 132 BC–c. 293 AD

  • Aryu (132–127 BC)
  • Abdu bar Maz'ur (127–120 BC)
  • Fradhasht bar Gebar'u (120–115 BC)
  • Bakru I bar Fradhasht (115–112 BC)
  • Bakru II bar Bakru (112–94 BC)
  • Ma'nu I (94 BC)
  • Abgar I Piqa (94–68 BC)
  • Abgar II bar Abgar (68–52 BC)
  • Ma'nu II (52–34 BC)
  • Paqor (34–29 BC)
  • Abgar III (29–26 BC)
  • Abgar IV Sumaqa (26–23 BC)
  • Ma'nu III Saphul (23–4 BC)
  • Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu (Abgarus of Edessa) (4 BC–7 AD)
  • Ma'nu IV bar Ma'nu (7–13 AD)
  • Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu (13–50)
  • Ma'nu V bar Abgar (50–57)
  • Ma'nu VI bar Abgar (57–71)
  • Abgar VI bar Ma'nu (71–91)
  • Sanatruk (91–109)
  • Abgar VII bar Ezad (109–116)
  • Roman interregnum 116–118
  • Yalur (118–122, co-ruler with Parthamaspates)
  • Parthamaspates (118–123)
  • Ma'nu VII bar Ezad (123–139)
  • Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu (139–163)
  • Wa'il bar Sahru (163–165)
  • Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu (165–167)
  • Abgar VIII (167–177)
  • Abgar IX (the great) (177–212)
  • Abgar X Severus bar Ma'nu (212–214)
  • Abgar (X) Severus Bar Abgar (IX) Rabo (214–216)
  • Ma’nu (IX) Bar Abgar (X) Severus (216–242)
  • Abgar (XI) Farhat Bar Ma’nu (IX) (242–244)

Kings of Adiabene c. 69 BC – c. 310 AD

Kings of Korduene c. 140 BC – c. 359 AD

  • Zarbienus; early mid-1st century BC until c. 69 BC. Killed by Tigranes II.
  • Manisarus; ~ 115 AD: He took control over parts of Armenia and Mesopotamia, in the time of Trajan.
  • Ardashir; ~ 340s AD: He was against the Christianization of Corduene.
  • Jovinian ~ 359 AD

Notes and references

Bibliography