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List of rulers of Assam

The history of Assam is the history of a confluence of people from the east, west, south and the north; the confluence of the Austroasiatic, Tibeto-Burman (Sino-Tibetan), Tai and Indo-Aryan cultures. Although invaded over the centuries, it was never a vassal or a colony to an external power until the third Burmese invasion in 1821 and subsequently the British ingress into Assam in 1824 during the First Anglo-Burmese War.

Later documented rulers, and dynasties who are deemed to have ruled a portion of Assam are included in this list.

<imagemap> File:Major kingdoms of Assam.png|thumb|right|260px|Major kingdoms of Assam rect 50 50 650 120 Kamarupa kingdom rect 45 240 160 310 Kamata kingdom rect 165 240 300 310 Bhuyan chieftains rect 305 240 415 310 Ahom kingdom rect 425 240 540 310 Chutiya kingdom rect 550 240 660 310 Kachari kingdom rect 4 425 80 495 Koch Bihar rect 120 425 190 495 Koch Hajo rect 125 660 640 760 History of Assam </imagemap>

Ancient Period (c. 1200 BCE – 350 CE)

Sonitpura (Asura) kingdom

The kingdom was contemporary of Pragjyotisha kingdom of Kamarupa.

Pragjyotisha kingdom

Danava dynasty

First legendary line of rulers in Pragjyotisha. The Danava dynasty consisted of Kirata chiefs; the last of whom, Ghatakasura, was killed and replaced by Naraka.

Known Danava rulers of Pragjyotisha are:

  • Mahiranga
  • Hatakasura
  • Sambarasura
  • Ratnasura
  • Ghatakasura

Bhauma (Naraka) dynasty

Second legendary dynasty of Pragjyotisha. Known Bhauma rulers of Pragjyotisha are:

Davaka kingdom (c. 100 – 500 CE)

Less information is available about this kingdom.

Classical Period : Kamarupa dynesties (350 – 1100 CE)

Varman dynasty (350 – 650 CE)

The dynastic line as given in the Dubi copperplate inscription and Nidhanpur copperplate inscription are as:

The grants of Ratnapala give the list of 21 kings from Salastambha to his line.

Mlechchha dynasty (650 – 900 CE)

  • Salastamba (650–670 CE)
  • Vijaya alias Vigrahastambha
  • Palaka
  • Kumara
  • Vajradeva
  • Harshadeva alias Harshavarman (725–745 CE)
  • Balavarman II
  • Jivaraja
  • Digleswaravarman
  • Salambha
  • Harjjaravarman (815–832 CE)
  • Vanamalavarmadeva (832–855 CE)
  • Jayamala alias Virabahu (855–860 CE)
  • Balavarman III (860–880 CE)
  • Tyagasimha (890–900 CE)

Pala dynasty (Kamarupa) (900 – 1100 CE)

Medieval Period (c. 1100 – 1800 CE)

Ahom dynasty (1228 – 1838 CE)

In the nearly 600-years 39-Swargadeo dynastic history, there are three progenitor kings (all subsequent kings are descendants of these kings). They are Sukaphaa, who established the kingdom; Suhungmung, who made the greatest territorial and political expansion of the kingdom; and Supaatphaa, who established the House of Tungkhugia kings that reigned the kingdom during its political and cultural zenith, as well as the period of decay and end (except for Jogeswar Singha, who was a descendant of Supaatphaa's father Gobar, and who was installed as a puppet king by the Burmese).

The dynastic history and dates that are accepted today are the result of a re-examination of Ahom and other documents by a team of Nora astronomers and experts who were commissioned to do so by Gaurinath Singha (1780–1795).

Kachari (Dimasa) dynasty (1250 – 1832 CE)

Kamata dynasty (1228/1257 – 1365 CE)

  • Sandhya (1228/1257–1260)
  • Sindhu Rai (1260–1285)
  • Rup Narayan (1285–1300)
  • Singhadhwaj (1300–1305)
  • Pratapdhvaj (1305–1325)
  • Dharma Narayan (1325–1330)
  • Durlabh Narayan (1330–1350)
  • Indra Narayan (1350–1365)

Chutia (Sadiya) dynasty (1350 – 1523 CE)

Known rulers of the Chutia kingdom are:

  • Nandisvara (late 14th century)
  • Satyanarayana (late 14th century)
  • Lakshminarayana (early 15th century)
  • Dharmanarayana (early 15th century)
  • Durlabhnarayana (early 15th century)
  • Muktadharmanarayana (mid 15th century)
  • Pratyakshanarayana (mid 15th century)
  • Yasanarayana (mid 15th century)
  • Purandarnarayana (late 15th century)
  • Dhirnarayana (unknown – 1524)
  • sati Sadhini (unknown)

Baro-Bhuyan rulers of Assam (1365 – 1440 CE)

  • Sasanka or rimatta (1365–1385)
  • Gajanka (1385–1400)
  • Sukranka (1400–1415)
  • Mriganka (1415–1440)

Khen dynasty (1440 – 1498 CE)

Koch dynasty (1515 – 1949 CE)

Rulers of undivided Koch kingdom (1515 – 1586)

Rulers of Koch Bihar (1586 – 1949)

Rulers of Koch Hajo (1581 – 1616 CE)

  • Raghudev (son of Chilarai, nephew of Nara Narayan)
  • Parikshit Narayan

Rulers of Darrang

  • Balinarayan (brother of Parikshit Narayan)
  • Mahendra Narayan
  • Chandra Narayan
  • Surya Narayan

Rulers of Beltola

  • Gaj Narayan Dev (brother of Parikshit Narayan, ruler of Koch Hajo, brother of Balinarayan, first Koch ruler of Darrang).
  • Shivendra Narayan Dev (son of Gaj Narayan)
  • Gandharva Narayan Dev (son of Shivendra Narayan)
  • Uttam Narayan Dev (son of Gandharva Narayan Dev)
  • Dhwaja Narayan Dev (son of Uttam Narayan Dev)
  • Jay Narayan Dev (son of Dhwaja Narayan Dev)
  • Lambodar Narayan Dev (son of Jay Narayan Dev)
  • Lokpal Narayan Dev (son of Lambodar Narayan Dev)
  • Amrit Narayan Dev (son of Lokpal Narayan Dev)
  • Chandra Narayan Dev (son of Lokpal Narayan Dev) (died 1910 CE)
  • Rajendra Narayan Dev (son of Chandra Narayan Dev) (died 1937 CE)
  • Lakshmipriya Devi (wife of Rajendra Narayan Dev) (reign:1937–1947 CE died: 1991 CE)

Rulers of Bijni

The Bijni rulers reigned between the Sankosh and the Manas rivers, the region immediately to the east of Koch Bihar.

  • Chandra Narayan (son of Parikshit Narayan)
  • Joy Narayan
  • Shiv Narayan
  • Bijoy Narayan
  • Mukunda Narayan
  • Haridev Narayan
  • Balit Narayan
  • Indra Narayan
  • Amrit Narayan
  • Kumud Narayan
  • Jogendra Narayan
  • Bhairabendra Narayan

Rulers of Khaspur

The independent rule of the Khaspur rulers ended in 1745 when it merged with the Kachari kingdom.

The rulers of the Koch kingdom at Khaspur are:

  • Kamal Narayan (Gohain Kamal, son of Biswa Singha, governor of Khaspur)
  • Udita Narayan (declared independence of Khaspur in 1590)
  • Vijay Narayana
  • Dhir Narayana
  • Mahendra Narayana
  • Ranjit
  • Nara Singha
  • Bhim Singha (his only issue, daughter Kanchani, married a prince of Kachari kingdom, and Khaspur merged with the Kachari kingdom)

Modern period (c. 1800 – 1947 CE)

British colonial Assam (1826 – 1947 CE)

Chronology of British colonial reign on Assam:

  1. Bengal Presidency (1826–1873 CE)
  2. Chief Commissioner's Province (1874–1905 CE)
  3. Eastern Bengal and Assam under Lt. Governor (1906–1912 CE)
  4. Assam Legislative Council (1912–1920 CE)
  5. Dyarchy (1921 – 1937 CE)
  6. Assam Legislative Assembly (1937–1947 CE)

Republic of India

List of governors of Assam
List of chief ministers of Assam

See also

References

Sources