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List of office-holders in India

The List of office-holders in India is a list of heads of government of states which exercised control over India, including colonial governments, from the time of the Sultanate of Delhi through to today.

List of rulers of Sultans of Delhi

Sultans of Delhi were the rulers of the Muslim empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the subcontinent during the period of Medieval India, for 320 years (1206–1526). Following the conquest of South Asia by the Ghurids, five unrelated heterogeneous dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). It covered large swaths of territory in modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.

This list contains the rulers of Delhi Sultanate in chronological order.

Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290)

Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290–1320)

Outside of the dynasties (1320)

Tughluq dynasty (1320–1414)

Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)

Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)

Family trees

Mamluk dynasty (1206-1290)

Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290-1320)

Tughluq dynasty (1320-1413)

Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451)

Lodi dynasty (1451-1526)

List of Mughal Emperors

Here are the claimants to the Mughal throne historians recognise as titular Mughal emperors.

  1. Shahryar Mirza (1627 - 1628)
  2. Dawar Baksh (1627 - 1628)
  3. Jahangir II (1719 - 1720)

List of title-holders Emperor of India

List of governors-general

Fort William (Bengal) and India, 1600–1857

Governors-General and Viceroys of India, 1858–1947

Governors-General of the Dominion of India, 1947–1950

List of Presidents of India

List of vice presidents of India

Key

<sup>†</sup>-Died in office<br /><sup>⸸</sup>-Resigned<br />

List of presidents of the Board of Control

Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby took up the new post of Secretary of State for India on 2 August 1858, upon the establishment of the British Raj.

Secretaries of state for India, 1858–1948

Secretaries of state for India and Burma, 1937–1947

Secretaries of state for Burma, 1947–1948

Vakil-i-Mutlaq

The Vakil-i-Mutlaq (), variously translated as the Lieutenant Plenipotentiary, the Regent Plenipotentiary, the Vicegerent or the Imperial Regent, was an important office in the Government of the Mughal Empire, first in ministerial hierarchy and only next to Mughal Emperor. Vekil is an Arabic word which means "representative". The Vakil was considered as the Emperor's lieutenant in all matters connected with the realm and household. From the reign of Emperor Babur to Emperor Shah Jahan, the title of grand vizier was also given to the Vakil. But afterwards it remained only as dignitary post.

The degree of powers of the Vakil's office varied from era to era. However the Vakil required Emperor's approval in each and every decision. During the era of Babur and Humayun, he had the powers of prime minister while early in the reign of Akbar, Vakil Bairam Khan acted as regent and ruled on the behalf of Emperor. Bairam Khan had his own Vakil-i-Mutlaq, who in this case was a general manager. This position was held by Pir Muhammad Khan Shirwani and when he was temporarily dismissed, given to Haji Muhammad Sistani. In 1564, Akbar revived the office of Vakil and didn't give him the responsibilities of finance department. In the reign of Jahangir, the office of Imperial Diwan gained prominence and ultimately during Shah Jahan's regime, the title of grand vizier was transferred from Vakil's office to Imperial Diwan.

List of prime ministers of India

List of Prime Minister

List of Prime Minister

List of prime ministers of India

List of prime ministers of India

Legend

List of prime ministers of India

List of governors of Portuguese India

The following is a list of rulers during the history of Portuguese India as a viceroyalty or governorship.

(*) – In 1508, King Manuel I of Portugal devised a plan to partition the Portuguese empire in Asia into three separate governments or "high captaincies" – (1) Captain-Major of the seas of Ethiopia, Arabia and Persia, centered at Socotra, was to cover the East African and Arabian-Persian coasts, from Sofala to Diu; (2) Captain-Major of the seas of India, centered at Cochin, was to cover the Indian coast from Diu down to Cape Comorin. Afonso de Albuquerque was Captain-General of the latter. Jorge de Aguiar was made Captain-General of the former. A third high captaincy, covering Asia east of Cape Comorin (yet to be explored) was assigned to Diogo Lopes de Sequeira, who was assigned that year to discover Malacca. The triarchy experiment failed – Aguiar drowned en route, while Sequeira quit the region in 1509, after his debacle at Malacca, leaving Albuquerque sole governor of the whole unpartitioned complex.

(**) – Around 1570, King Sebastian of Portugal tried to partition the Portuguese State of India into three separate governments (much like Manuel's plan of 1508) – a western state based around Sofala (covering the East African coast from Cape Correntes to Cape Guardafui), a central state ruled from Goa (covering the area between the Red Sea and Ceylon, encompassing India, reserved for the "Viceroy") and an eastern state ruled from Malacca (covering Southeast Asia, from Pegu to China). D. António de Noronha was appointed to Goa, António Moniz Barreto to Malacca, and Francisco Barreto (the former India governor) to Sofala.

(***) – Title of Viceroy of Indies extinguished by royal letter in 1771, replaced by Capitão-Geral (Captain-General) of the Indies.

List of chief governing officers

Commissioners

Governors

In the days of the French East India Company, the title of the top official was most of the time Governor of Pondicherry and General Commander of the French settlements in the East Indies (). After 1816, it was Governor of French establishments in India ().

French India became an Overseas territory () of France in 1946.

Commissioners

French India de facto transferred to the Republic of India in 1954.

High Commissioners

The first High Commissioner, Kewal Singh was appointed immediately after the Kizhoor referendum on 21 October 1954 as per Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1947. The Chief Commissioner had the powers of the former French commissioner, but was under the direct control of the Union Government.

The list of Chief Commissioners is given below

East India Company

East India Company is a general term, referring to a number of European trading companies established in the early modern era to establish trade relations with and subsequently political control over the Indian subcontinent, the Indonesian archipelago and the neighbouring lands in Southeast Asia. They would include:

British East India Company

Early governors

Evolution of flags

Indian polities

Colonial India

British rule in India

Princely states

French India

Portuguese India

Dutch India

Danish India

Swedish India

Austrian India

Indian independence movement

Flags used in the Indian independence movement

Proposed flags

Dominion of India

List of European colonies in Asia

Dutch, British, Spanish, Portuguese colonies and Russian territories in Asia: British colonies in East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia:

British Empire

British India

* (British protectorate)
British India (1613–1947)
: British East India Company (1757–1858)
: British Raj (1858–1947)
  • Bhutan (1865–1947) (British protectorate)
  • Nepal (1816–1923) (British protectorate)

Danish India

Danish India (1696–1869)

Sweden

Swedish Parangipettai (1733)

French colonies in South and Southeast Asia

Dutch India

Portuguese

Russian Empire

Spanish Empire

Spanish Philippines (1565–1898, 3rd longest European occupation in Asia, 333 years),

India's protectorates

Indian provisional government

Provisional Government to Indian independence

Subhas Chandra Bose Provisional Government to Indian independence

President of the Executive Council

Interim Government of India

List of Party Congresses Communist Party of India (Marxist)

Communist Party of India

Leadership

The 24th Party Congress of Communist Party of India was held from 14 to 18 October 2022 in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh.

General Secretary

National Secretariat

  1. D. Raja
  2. Amarjeet Kaur
  3. K. Narayana
  4. Bhalchandra Kango
  5. Pallab Sen Gupta
  6. Binoy Viswam
  7. Syed Azeez Pasha
  8. Nagendra Nath Ojha
  9. Rama Krushna Panda
  10. Annie Raja
  11. Girish Chandra Sharma

List of general secretaries and chairmen of the CPI

Article XXXII of the party constitution says:

<blockquote>"The tenure of the General Secretary and Deputy General Secretary, if any, and State Secretaries is limited to two consecutive terms—a term being of not less than two years. In exceptional cases, the unit concerned may decide by three-fourth majority through secret ballot to allow two more terms. In case such a motion is adopted that comrade also can contest in the election along with other candidates. As regards the tenure of the office-bearers at district and lower levels, the state councils will frame rules where necessary."</blockquote>

Communist Party of India (Maoist)

List of Sarsanghchalak

See also

Footnotes

  • Assassinated or died in office
  • Returned to office after a previous non-consecutive term
  • Resigned
  • Resigned following a no-confidence motion

Notes

External links

References